各国果酒发展连连看

果酒的历史可追溯到诺曼征服时期,17和18世纪达到全盛,当时它可以和最好的法国葡萄酒相媲美。在果树能够茂盛生长的整个温带区域都酿造果酒,它成了一种比啤酒更普遍的饮料,经常从生产地运往巴黎、伦敦等大型市场进行交易。许多有关果酒酿造的专著也在这时出版。但是果酒并没有对葡萄酒生产造成威胁,一直到19世纪它更多地是作为一种乡村饮料出现。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

啤酒麦糟纤维素酶水解的研究

以经过适当预处理后的啤酒麦糟作原料，采用里氏木霉产生的纤维素酶进行水解．其纤维素的水解反应可描述为：①前６小时内迅速水解；②６～２４小时内较慢水解；③２４小时后缓慢水解．在水解过程中，存在纤维二糖的积累．且以前６小时积累较多，纤维二糖的最高浓度可达７．５２ｇ／Ｌ．水解前期采取分批添料方法，可提高水解得率和底物浓度．并大大提高水解液中还原糖的浓度．     

冰镇啤酒易致胰腺炎

冰镇的啤酒对于夏天来说是消暑的绝佳饮品，但专家却指出，用冰镇啤酒消暑，如果不把握好饮用量及啤酒的温度，很容易导致胰腺炎发作。     

消费者索要高额赔偿是敲诈吗

【案例】杨某请朋友们喝啤酒，突然发现瓶中有苍蝇。杨某当场与啤酒厂家联系。要求赔偿一车酒．但厂家只愿赔偿两瓶，并说，杨某以要向报社反映情况来强迫厂家赔偿，这是敲诈行为。     

挤压蒸煮大麦作啤酒辅料的糖化试验研究

采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法，研究了作啤酒辅料的大麦挤压蒸煮系统的模孔孔径、套筒温度、大麦含水率、螺杆转速和模板内表面至螺杆末端端面的距离，对醪液的主要考察指标——麦汁的过滤速度、碘值、浸出物收得率的影响规律。研究表明，挤压蒸煮大麦可以作啤酒辅料，且麦汁浸出物收得率为72．04％，高于传统不挤压大麦辅料的麦汁浸出物收得率。     

生啤酒膜法过滤除菌技术的试验研究

阐述了生啤酒膜法过滤除菌技术的试验研究方法。着重讨论了膜孔径的选择试验及操作压力，主流液流速对浓差极化和渗透通量的影响，运用二次回归正交组合设计的方法建立数学模型，寻求操作参数的最佳值，并初步探索了膜的再生方法。     

发酵香肠发酵特性的研究

首先确定采用植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sake)和啤酒酵母菌(beer saccharomycete)混合接种最佳发酵温度;然后通过正交试验确立最佳发酵工艺参数为:发酵菌剂采用植物乳杆菌、清酒乳杆菌和啤酒酵母菌之比为3∶3∶4,接种量1%(1.1×108~1.2×108cfu/mL),白糖质量分数为1%,食盐质量分数为2%,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为18h左右。最后从感官指标、理化指标和微生物指标几个方面比较研究发酵香肠的优势。     

玉米制糁与提胚

玉米糁就是将玉米籽粒按照用途轧成大小和等级不同的碎粒.在制糁前要先将玉米种皮脱去,碎糁时再将脱落的胚分离.玉米糁主要用于制造玉米米、玉米片、玉米粉、玉米饴糖、玉米细曲和玉米啤酒等,而玉米胚则用于提取油脂和蛋白质等.……