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Beatriz Lozano‐García Luis Parras‐Alcntara 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2014,25(3):297-304
The impact of the topographical position on soil properties was evaluated in an olive grove with traditional tillage. Three topographical positions: summit, backslope and toeslope were chosen for evaluation. The soil samples were taken from four soil sections of 0·25 m (0–1 m). The soil organic carbon (SOC) and N content increased along the downslope direction (5·5, 6·5 and 7·1 g C kg−1 and 0·3, 0·8 and 0·9 g N kg−1 in the surface layer in the summit, backslope and toeslope respectively) as well as SOC and N stocks, considering the two first soil sections. In addition, there was movement of the most erodible textural fraction (silt). However, the total SOC stock (refer to 1 m of depth) did not vary with respect to the topographical position, but the total N stock (refer to 1 m of depth) varied significantly. These increases were due to erosion processes that occur along the toposequence, leading to organic matter transfers from the summit to the toeslope. All the stratification ratios calculated were lower than 2, indicating the low quality of the soils. Therefore, alternative management techniques that avoid soil erosion must be considered in olive grove in order to increase the soil quality and fertility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Pavel &#x;amonil Markus Egli Teresa Steinert Kevin Norton Samuel Abiven Pavel Dan k Libor Hort Dagmar Brandov Marcus Christl Dmitry Tikhomirov 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2020,31(2):222-239
Tree uprooting may distinctly affect landscape dynamics and slope denudation. Little is known, however, about the corresponding soil redistribution rates (erosion and accumulation) on either a long‐term (millennia; 10Be) or a short‐term (decades; 239+240Pu) scale. We determined these rates in a well‐investigated forest reserve (Zofinsky primeval forest, Czech Republic) using complementary techniques: nuclides in soils and tors to derive short‐ to long‐term rates and monitoring data (43 years) of repeated tree censuses using tree uprooting data. Temporal trends of soil erosion rates were obtained by dating the timing of exhumation (10Be) of tors. The average long‐term denudation rates were about 30–40 t km−2 yr−1. It seems that these rates varied over time with probably a maximum during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (58–91 t km−2 yr−1). 239+240Pu activities in the soils identified soil redistribution rates of 50 to >100 t km−2 yr−1 for the last decades and agree with results from the tree uprooting monitoring (<92 t km−2 yr−1). In‐situ 10Be in soils gave similar denudation rates (58–76 t km−2 yr−1). Meteoric 10Be provided a mean residence time of a soil particle of 33–100 ka supporting the measured average long‐term erosion rates. Soil aggregates indicated stable physical conditions meaning that soil mass redistribution occurs only sporadically. It seems that the main driving factors of denudation changed over time. An erosion peak at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (climate change) seems likely but needs further proof. Over the last few millennia, tree uprooting seems the main driver of soil erosion. 相似文献
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贵州省水土流失现状及防治对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
该分析了贵州省人口、经济与生态环境之间的动态关系。根据水土流失面积大,发展速度快,区域性强,以坡耕地侵蚀为主的特点。提出人口增长,粮食不足造成坡地农业扩大是水土流失的根本原因。水土流失使区域生态系统严重退化,旱、涝等自然灾害加剧,已成为贵州山区经济发展的重要障碍和农村贫困的根源。从持续发展战略角度提出了贵州省水土流失的防治对策。 相似文献
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The mechanism of atmospheric,surface and soil water interactions( water transformation) in hillslope under natural conditions was analyzed,and a dynamic model was developed to simulate infiltration,overland flow and soil water movement during natural rainfall in hillslope,by bringing froward concepts such as rainfall intensity on slope and a correction coefficient of saturated soil water content for soil surface seal.Some factors,including slope angle,slope orientation and raindrop inclination,which affect the rainfall amount on slope, were taken into account while developing the dynamic model.The effect of surface seal on infiltration and water balance under a boundary condition of the second kind was aslo considered. Application of the model in a field experiment showed that the model simulated precisely the infiltration,overland flow and sol water monvement in hillsope under natural rainfall conditions. 相似文献
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为探明土地利用方式、地形、微地貌等环境因子对喀斯特山区土壤水分空间变异的影响,应用植被数量生态学中的去趋势典范对应分析方法（DCCA）在一典型坡面上研究了表层（0～15 cm）土壤水分变异特征及其与环境因子的数量关系。研究结果表明,在取样时段内坡面土壤质量含水率均值介于21.36%～32.58%之间,季节变化明显,均呈现中等变异特征。不同土地利用方式下土壤水分随时间的变化趋势一致,均呈明显的“四峰型”波动,土壤平均含水率以自然植被最高,撂荒地和坡耕地次之,人工林最低。DCCA的排序结果显示,土层深度、有机碳含量、土地利用方式和裸岩率对坡地土壤水分变异及其季节变化的影响最为显著,土壤体积质量和坡度的影响次之,坡位和海拔的影响最小。鉴于喀斯特坡面地形及微地貌的复杂性,后续研究还需要加大采样间隔和密度,并综合考虑坡向、坡面曲率、汇水分布面积等因素对土壤水分变异的影响,并结合各土地利用方式下土壤养分状况,探讨适应喀斯特坡地退化生态系统修复的农业工程措施和生态重建模式。 相似文献
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通过测定9种典型植物的叶片δ13C值,比较了桂西北喀斯特坡地不同植被演替阶段(灌草丛、灌丛、次生林)植物叶片δ13C值的差异及其季节变化。结果表明,雨季(2009年7月)3个演替阶段间整体植物叶片δ13C值无显著差异;旱季(2009年11月)灌丛植物叶片δ13C值显著高于次生林(P0.05),且高于灌草丛,但差异不显著;灌草丛与次生林植物叶片δ13C值相近。以生活型分类分析,旱季乔木植物叶片δ13C值在3个演替阶段差异不显著,灌木和草本叶片δ13C值为灌丛高于次生林,且差异接近显著水平(P分别为0.063和0.074)。旱季和雨季对比中,灌丛植物叶片δ13C值旱季显著高于雨季(P0.05),灌草丛、次生林的旱季和雨季对比差异不显著。3个演替阶段的乔木叶片δ13C值旱季与雨季差异均不显著,灌丛阶段的草本植物和灌草丛阶段的灌木植物叶片δ13C值旱季显著高于雨季。说明季节性降雨变化对灌丛植物水分利用效率的影响大于对灌草地和次生林的影响,这主要是通过影响灌木和草本植物叶片δ13C值实现的。 相似文献
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Most of the tillage erosion studies have focused on the effect of tractor-plough tillage on soil translocation and soil loss. Only recently, have a few studies contributed to the understanding of tillage erosion by manual tillage. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of tillage erosion in hilly areas of the humid sub-tropics. This study on tillage erosion by hoeing was conducted on a purple soil (Regosols) of the steep land, in Jianyang County, Sichuan Province, southwestern China (30°24′N and 104°35′E) using the physical tracer method.
The effects of hoeing tillage on soil translocation on hillslopes are quite evident. The tillage transport coefficients were 26–38 kg m−1 per tillage pass and 121–175 kg m−1 per tillage pass respectively for k3- and k4-values. Given that there was a typical downslope parcel length of 15 m and two times of tillage per year in this area, the tillage erosion rates on the 4–43% hillslopes reached 48–151 Mg ha−1 per year. The downslope soil translocation is closely related to slope gradient. Lateral soil translocation by such tillage is also obvious though it is lower than downslope soil translocation. Strong downslope translocation accounts for thin soil layers and the exposure of parent materials/rocks at the ridge tops and on convexities in the hilly areas. Deterioration in soil quality and therefore reduction in plant productivity due to tillage-induced erosion would be evident at the ridge tops and convex shoulders. 相似文献
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采用组合小区模拟降雨试验方法,对黄土坡面细沟水流流型进行了试验研究。结果表明:(1)细沟水流流型判别指标雷诺数随径流历时的变化,在不同雨强及不同坡度下皆表现为先增大随后转为较平稳的变化过程,皆可用幂函数方程描述;(2)细沟水流平均雷诺数分别随雨强及坡度增大而增大,均可用对数方程很好地描述,随雨强及坡度的变化可用二元幂函数方程描述;(3)细沟水流在不同雨强下几乎一直处于层流状态,两个最大雨强在产流开始9min后变为过渡流,而在不同坡度下也一直处于层流状态,两个最大坡度在产流开始15min后变为过渡流;(4)在试验雨强及坡度条件下,一次降雨径流过程的细沟水流平均雷诺数变化范围为327~457,表明细沟水流流型在试验条件下大致处于层流状态。细沟水流雷诺数随流量的变化呈显著的线性正相关关系。 相似文献