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1.
H.M.P.J.B. van Rheenen Rene G.A. Boot Marinus J.A. Werger Miguel Ulloa Ulloa 《Forest Ecology and Management》2004,200(1-3):39-48
For sustainable forest management, it is important to know the response of timber species to the change in environment caused by logging. We performed a 2-year study on germination, survival and growth of four timber species, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, Hymenaea courbaril, and Cariniana micrantha, and one non-commercial species Tachigali vasquezii. We sowed seeds of these species in five microenvironments: log landing, gap-crown and gap-trunk, skidder trail and understory, in a tropical lowland moist rain forest in northern Bolivia. We related seed and seedling performance to light availability, soil compaction, and plant competition. Germination did not differ significantly between microenvironments but survival of germinated seeds for most species was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the log landing (46–100%) than in the understory (0–7%). After 2 years, the tallest plants were always found in the log landing (119–190 cm) and the smallest in the understory (12–26 cm) caused by a higher relative height growth rate (RHGR) in the log landing (0.003–0.004 cm cm−1 per day) compared to the understory (0.000–0.001 cm cm−1 per day). During the first year RHGR was positively related to canopy openness for all species and negatively to the number of overtopping competitors for three species. During the second year also water infiltration explained observed variation to RHGR. These results show that abandoned log landings and logging gaps are suitable environments for the regeneration of timber species studied. This finding suggests that the removal of competitors in log landings and logging gaps combined with leaving seed trees near these microenvironments or sowing seeds, will improve regeneration of timber species in tropical forests. 相似文献
2.
有机肥对石灰性土壤中锌,锰生物有效性的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本研究发现,有机肥猪粪,牛粪和腐熟玉米秸秆具有一定的提供锌、锰能力;石灰性土壤施有机肥能显著提高土壤锌锰的有效性;有机肥对土壤中锌、锰具有一定的活力能力;锌肥与有机肥配施可降低土壤对锌肥的固定能力,提高锌肥的利用率。 相似文献
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不同形态氮肥对磷肥生物有效性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用盆栽试验研究了潮土中不同形态氮肥对磷肥生物有效性的影响。结果表明:不同形态氮肥处理均有抑制油菜生长初期磷素累积的作用,氯化铵处理抑制作用最突出,其次是尿素,再次是硫酸铵、硝酸铵和硝酸钙处理;油菜生长后期不同形态氮肥处理均逐渐显著促进油菜的磷累积,但氯化铵处理的促进作用仍然低于其它氮肥处理,这与不同形态氮肥处理对油菜生长的影响较一致。土壤有效磷含量受不同形态氮肥处理影响较小,而水溶性磷含量因施用不同形态氮肥均表现显著地下降,氯化铵和硫酸铵处理使土壤水溶性磷下降较多,硝酸铵、硝酸钙和尿素处理使土壤水溶性磷下降较少。 相似文献
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氮水平和硝态氮比例对烤烟新品种YH05氮肥效应的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为促进烤烟新品种YH05的推广应用,采用田间小区试验,研究不同的施N水平(不施肥、N5g/株、N7g/株、N9g/株)和N素形态比例对YH05的N素吸收利用以及产值量的影响.结果表明,N水平、NO3--N比例以及二者之间的交互作用不仅影响烟株各部位N素的含量,而且对吸收的N素在烟株各部位的分配率也有影响.N水平是影响YH05 N肥农学利用率的主要因素,YH05N肥表观利用率的影响因素包括N水平、NO3--N比例以及N水平和NO3--N比例的交互作用.N水平、NO3--N比例以及二者之间的交互作用对YH05的农艺性状和经济性状的影响有差异.综合考虑农艺性状、经济性状和N肥效应等因素,在试验区域内,确定YH05的最适施N水平为N7g株,NO3--N比例为25%. 相似文献
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In this study, the effect of drying and rewetting on native P transformations in two red brown soils with different management history was investigated. Three treatments, T1 (constantly moist), T2 (dried for 4 days and then kept dry), T3 (rewetted after 4 days drying) were used. Drying and rewetting caused a rapid increase in microbial P (Pm) and labile organic P (labile Po) within 1 day and a gradual increase in available inorganic P (Colwell). These increases were only temporarily, as Pm and labile Po decreased with time and were at the same level as in the constantly moist soil by the end of the incubation period of 21 days. The effect of drying and rewetting on P transformations strongly depended on soil organic matter content, being more pronounced in the soil with high organic matter content, compared to the soil with low soil organic matter content. 相似文献
10.
Summary The turnover of interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
in a loess-derived agricultural soil from the Shaanxi Province in China was studied. The concentration of 15N-labeled interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
and total interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
(labeled + unlabeled) in a soil grown with winter wheat was significantly higher at the beginning of the season (March) than when the crop was mature (June). In a further experiment with winter wheat it was shown that under field conditions the concentration of interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
decreased significantly in the two upper soil layers (0–20 and 20–55 cm) during March and in the deeper soil layer (55–75 cm) during April. When the heading stage of wheat was reached, about 200 kg N ha-1 of interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
had been released. During the following growth period (heading until flowering of wheat) the concentration of interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
increased significantly in the upper soil layers. Fertilizer application in the form of 70 kg N ha-1 as urea led to a considerable increase in the nitrate concentration in the upper soil layer but had no influence on the level of interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
concentration. It is concluded that interlayer NH
inf4
sup+
takes part in the N cycle of the soil and that it contributes to the N nutrition of the crop. NH
inf4
sup+
originating from the mineralization of soil organic N may be rapidly incorporated into the interlayer of clay minerals and later released, when the N demand of the crop is high. 相似文献