微生物菌剂对青椒生长、品质和土壤养分状况的影响

以"圣鼎一号"青椒为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究了增施微生物菌剂对青椒生长、品质和土壤养分状况的影响,以期为青椒合理的增施微生物菌剂提供参考依据.结果表明:增施含有侧孢短芽孢杆菌的微生物菌剂A能更有效地促进青椒生长,提高青椒的果实品质产量和土壤养分;与其它处理相比,减量施肥+微生物菌剂A处理促进青椒生长,提高果实品质产量的效果最明显.与其它增施微生物菌剂的处理相比,青椒的株高、茎粗和叶绿素均有不同程度的提高,使青椒维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物和总产量分别提高了 3.3％～15.1％、14.2％～25.2％、6.2％～8.8％和23.3％～36.2％,硝酸盐含量降低了 9.1％～11.8％;与其它处理相比,常规施肥+微生物菌剂A处理使土壤养分含量增加的效果最明显.与其它增施微生物菌剂的处理相比,使土壤的硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了 3.5～9.4％、4.8～14.0％和3.5～9.6％.增施含有侧孢短芽孢杆菌的微生物菌剂A可以作为一种促进青椒生长、增加果实品质产量和提高土壤养分的方法.     

安阳市优质强筋小麦生产现状与发展对策

安阳市是国家规划的优质强筋小麦优势生产区，近年来，安阳市相应国家号召，满足市场需求，大力发展优质强筋小麦。2019年，优质强筋小麦面积达到了126万亩，占小麦总面积的28%。优质强筋小麦在安阳市的快速发展的同时也开始面临诸多问题和挑战。针对这些问题和挑战，深入农户、加工企业和育种单位，挖掘问题产生的根源。并就这些问题和挑战提出了对策，以期为安阳市优质强筋小麦的进一步发展提供参考。     

AGAMOUS在花发育中的核心功能研究进展

花是植物重要的生殖器官,受到多种花发育因子的调控。AGAMOUS(AG)在花发育的不同阶段有着不同的表达模式,对于植物的繁殖和发育有着重要的作用。AG与其他花发育基因、蛋白之间的相互作用决定了植物花器官的形态建成。近年来研究发现,AG基因对于花序分生组织向花分生组织的转化起到了关键的调控作用,特别是它与WUSCHEL(WUS)基因的反馈调节途径促进了植物生殖器官的发育。本综述总结了AG基因在植物花发育调控网络中的作用及生物学功能,展望了花发育未来的研究方向与发展趋势。     

具有解析式位置正解的2T1R并联机构运动性能分析

求解具有解析式位置正解且部分运动解耦的并联机构,有利于后续的误差分析、动力学分析、运动轨迹规划与控制等。基于方位特征方程(POC)的并联机构设计理论与方法,设计了两种具有解析式位置正解且部分运动解耦的2T1R并联机构,并对这两种机构进行了方位特征、自由度及耦合度等主要拓扑性能分析;提出基于拓扑特征的运动学建模与求解方法,并据此求解了两种机构的解析式位置正解;基于导出的位置反解,分析了两种机构工作空间、奇异位形、动平台的速度与加速度变化规律。最后比较了两种机构的运动性能,选择了优选机型。为优选机型的动力学分析与样机研制提供了理论基础。     

果园除草机研究现状与发展趋势

果园杂草是影响果树产量、果实品质的重要因素。重点阐述了典型果园除草机械的国内外研究现状，分析了典型果园除草机械的结构特点、工作原理和适用范围等，并指出目前我国果园除草机械化存在的问题和发展趋势，为我国果园全程全面机械化的发展提供参考。      

Construction and Partial Biological Characteristics Analysis of Listeriolysin S llsB Gene Deletion Strain

In order to analyze the effect of listeriolysin S (LLS) llsB gene deletion on the biological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes (LM),this study used homologous recombination to construct the llsB gene deletion strain LM90-ΔllsB,and the biological characteristics of growth characteristics,median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ-borne bacteria were studied in healthy Kunming male mice at 8 weeks old and weighing 40 g±5 g.The llsB gene deletion strain was successfully constructed,and the deletion strain had good genetic stability through continuous passage to 20 generations in vitro.Based on its growth curve examination,we found that the growth rate of the mutant strain was slightly higher than that of the parent strain.The results of mice infection test showed that the LD₅₀ of the parent strain and the deletion strain were 10^6.17 and 10^6.50 CFU,respectively.Compared with the parent strain,the amount of bacteria load of the deletion strain in the liver and spleen of the mice was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the results showed that the infection ability of the mutant strain on mice was obviously weakened.No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the brain.The results suggested that llsB gene might have direct or indirect regulatory effect on some biological characteristics of LM90,and it would provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of LLS,prevention and control of listeriosis.     

Silymarin inhibits adipogenesis in the adipocytes in grass carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis> in vitro and in vivo

In this study, two experiments were performed to explore the function of silymarin in adipogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using in vitro and in vivo models. In experiment 1, differentiated grass carp pre-adipocytes were treated with silymarin for 6 days. Treatment with 100 μg mL^?1silymarin (SM100 group) significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation at day 6. The adipogenic gene expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FAS, SCD1, and LPL, and the protein expression level of PPARγ were significantly down-regulated in the SM100 group. Additionally, the SM100 group had significantly lower reactive oxygen species production and reduced glutathione contents compared with the control in vitro. In experiment 2, the juvenile grass carp (mean body weight= 27.4 ± 0.17 g) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0, 100, or 200 mg kg^?1 silymarin (SM0, SM100, SM200) associated with either 4 or 8% lipid levels (low lipid, LL, and high lipid, HL, respectively) for 82 days. The results demonstrated that dietary silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the elevated intraperitoneal fat index in grass carp fed with high-lipid diets, and the gene expression of adipogenesis (PPARγ, FAS) when supplemented with dietary silymarin was notably lower than when no silymarin was supplemented under the high-lipid diets. Thus, our data suggest that silymarin suppressed lipid accumulation in grass carp both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect might be due to an influence on the expression of adipogenesis factors and ROS production partly associated with effects on antioxidant capability.     

2种栽培环境对铁皮石斛内生细菌多样性的影响

  目的  揭示不同栽培环境对铁皮石斛Dendrobium catenatum内生细菌群落结构的影响，解析与石斛多糖含量存在潜在关联的功能菌种。  方法  针对温室人工基质培养和仿野生立木附生培养2种栽培体系下的铁皮石斛C9品系根、茎、叶等各部组织内生细菌，采用Illumina测序平台的Miseq进行高通量测序分析其菌落结构和多样性，同时利用逐步回归法分析内生细菌分布与组织多糖质量分数的关联性。  结果  铁皮石斛在2种栽培环境不同组织中的菌群结构差异显著（P < 0.05），附生立木仿野生环境比温室环境下物种丰富度更高。同时，根部所含分类操作单元（OTUs）数量最多（112~630个），叶部则最少（28~73个）。其中，厚壁菌门Firmicutes（16.7%~34.9%）、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes（8.7%~35.6%）和变形菌门Proteobacteria（15.9%~42.0%）的OTUs占优势。从菌种生理功能上看，固氮相关的菌种如弗兰克菌科Frankiaceae在树培环境下相对丰度更高，推测可能受树培寡氮环境的影响使固氮菌富集。逐步回归分析结果显示:不动杆菌Acinetobacter在根、茎、叶不同组织中的相对丰度与多糖质量分数变化关联度最大，其次为假单胞菌Pseudomonas。  结论  铁皮石斛内生细菌资源相当丰富，而栽培方式影响菌群分布，且与石斛多糖质量分数具有关联性。     

张家港市农田土壤重金属含量高光谱遥感监测模型构建

以张家港农田土壤作为研究对象,在实验室测定土壤重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Hg的含量,并与土壤可见近红外高光谱数据建立土壤重金属含量的定量估测模型,以快速获取研究区农田的土壤重金属含量。为保证模型预测的精度和稳定性,首先,对原始高光谱数据进行平滑处理,并进行一阶导数、倒数一阶导数、倒数的对数一阶导数、平方根一阶导数和连续统去除等形式的光谱变换;然后,提取不同变换光谱的特征波段进行相关性分析;最后,通过逐步回归法建立重金属含量的定量估算模型。结果表明:张家港市农田土壤中Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn存在一定的污染风险。在高光谱的不同变换形式中,一阶导数和连续统去除与重金属含量的相关系数高于其他变换形式。基于8种土壤重金属含量与高光谱数据建立的定量估算模型具有良好的预测精度。Cd、Hg、Cr、As、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb估算模型的实际值与验证值的拟合度分别为0.874、0.879、0.800、0.646、0.513、0.655、0.603和0.542,可用于预测张家港市的农田土壤重金属含量。