木质材料表面粗糙度光学付立叶测量方法的研究

阐述了木质材料表面粗糙度现有的测量技术与研究现状，研究了木质材料表面的统计模型和一维高斯型木质材料表面光学付立叶变换谱强度分布的模型，并得到了计算木质材料表面粗糙度均方根误差和自相关函数的数学公式。测量两个参数的实验系统，将具有非接触、高测量速度、测量不受被测材料影响和能得到比较多的轮廓信息等优点，进一步完善后，可用于木质材料表面粗糙度的分类检测及监控。     

耕作土壤表面不平度分析

利用激光式不平度测试仪测定犁耕耕地地面、圆盘耙耙地地面和驱动耙耙地地面的不平度，测定地面不平度沿着3个方向进行，即平行、倾斜和垂直于耕作方向。对每一种地面不平度的RMS高度、自相关长度和自相关函数进行了分析，结果表明：对于短的地块，可用单一尺度来表征地表不平度的特征，地表不平度特征属于指数相关函数，RMS高度和自相关长度具有明显的相关性；对于长的地块，平整的农业地表不平度具有分形性或多尺度性，其自相关函数是一种分形过程。     

路面不平度的特性分析

利用激光武不平度测试仪沿着行驶方向测定混凝土、砖、土路面的不平度,对每一种路面不平度的轮廓均方根偏差、轮廓微观不平度的平均间距、功率谱函数和分形维数进行了分析,结果表明:传统的粗糙度评定参数在描述各种路面不平度时具有明显的局限性,而利用分形维数可以较好的表征随机路面的不规则程度.     

木制件表面粗糙度比较样块母模的检测

木制件表面粗糙度比较样比较样块母模的检测除表面纹理符合要求，无结构性缺陷外，主要检测结果的公称值偏差和标准编差要符合标准规定，且有足够的标准面面积。通过对样块母模的检测证明标准制定合理，平均值偏差和标准偏差符合木制作表面粗糙度特性，样块母模的检测为面积法检测木制件表面粗糙度提供了必要的条件。     

USING HARALICK METHOD TO MEASURE WOOD SURFACE ROUGHNESS

INTRODUCTIoNWoodsurfaceroughnessisaveryim-portantparameterforevaluatingsurfacemanufacturingquality.Sometimes,thellmitsofwoodsurfaceroughnessmustbegivenbeforemachined,becausewoodsur-faceroughnessdirectlyaffectspaintingandgluingqualityofwoodproductsandtheconsumptionofpaintmaterialsandgluingmaterials.Thesurfaceroughnessalsocanbeusedtoevaluatethequalityofma-chiningdeviceandtoolsandthesuitabilityofworkingprocesses.C0NSTRUCTIONOFMEASUREMENTSYSTEMConstructionof'themeasurementsys-temis…     

Friction velocity u* and roughness length z0 of atmospheric surface boundary layer in sparse-tree land

Sparse-tree land is one of the typical lands and can be considered as one typical rough surface in boundary layer meteorology. Many lands can be classified into the kind surface in the view of scale and distribution feature of the roughness elements such as agroforest, scatter planted or growing trees, savanna and so on. The structure of surface boundary layer in sparse-tree land is analyzed and the parameters, friction velocity u* and roughness length z0 are deduced based on energy balance law and other physical hypothesis. The models agree well with data of wind tunnel experiments and field measurements.     

Centimetre-scale digital representations of terrain and impacts on depression storage and runoff

The microscale topography of a 20 × 10 m hillslope in a burned portion of Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, Canada was determined through laser scanning at a sub-centimetre scale. Digital terrain models (DTM) were developed for this hillslope at the 0.75 cm, 10 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm and 1 m scales. Random Roughness, Tortuosity and Mean Upslope Depression were computed for bare and vegetated surfaces created at each resolution to determine mean depression storage as a function of resolution. Results for these various roughness parameters and associated depression storage values are not found to change appreciably between the vegetated and bare surface DTMs, and moreover do not change notably with increasing grid cell resolution. Depression storage was also computed using a GIS-based method, the values of which are considered to be, at the highest resolution of 0.75 cm, the most realistic for comparative purposes. Mean depression storage using this latter approach decreases significantly with an increase in grid cell size, in contrast to the values based on Random Roughness which remain stable with increasing grid cell size. The generation of Hortonian overland flow was modelled at different scales using the GIS-derived DTMs. The values of depression storage for the various scales of DTM are demonstrated to have significant influences on overland flow generation. The scale of the DTM affects the changes over time between the proportion of water going into depression storage and that contributing to overland flow, with more water being retained as depression storage at a particular value of rainfall excess after infiltration for the smaller DTM scalings. When overland flow develops from a rising groundwater table in a simulation exercise, water depths are initially lower than the primary roughness elements on the land surface and water is relatively disconnected. As water depths increase, more integrated connections form.     

软路面有效不平度的理论研究

对刚性轮的轮轴垂直加速度进行二次积分求得软路面的原始不平度,根据轮胎与软路面相互作用时,轮胎和路面的变形特性给出了静载状态下软路面有效不平度的理论预测方法。结某工况下的软路面有效不平度进行了预测,预测结果表明,软路面有效不平度小于原始不平度。     

干喷钢砂的工艺研究

分析了影响干喷钢砂效果的因素,应用正交试验方法研究了干喷钢砂工艺参数对喷砂效果的影响。对于高硬度试件,通过测定涂层与基体的结合强度,验证了优化干喷钢砂预处理具有较好的实用性,同时可改善零件的疲劳强度。粗造度测试结果表明,采用该工艺处理的表面符ＧＢ１１３７３－８９的要求,可满足电喷涂的需要。     

基于超高压水切割法的木制工艺品加工参数优选与分析

在我国木材加工领域,数控超高压水射流技术的应用尚处于起步阶段,多用于珍贵木材的切割。为优化水切割在木材加工领域中的应用,笔者将中密度纤维板和意杨实木作为试验材料,采用正交试验法,以调砂速度、气干密度、水切割压力、进给速度、靶距工艺参数作为对其加工表面粗糙度的影响因素。利用数控工作系统设计CAD图案后进行的水切割试验,并通过对试件表面粗糙度的测量和相关计算,得到各工艺参数影响显著度程度及其最优方案。该研究对花式木地板及其木刻、木结构室内装饰板、红木家具等木制工艺品的加工领域提供工艺参数优选,具有较高的应用价值和现实意义。