城市污水处理厂二级出水用于城市绿化的研究

对废水浇灌景观植物进行可行性研究。评价指标为植物叶绿素、光合作用能力和呼吸作用能力。试验结果说明，经过生物处理的城市污水对植物有利无害，因此，城市污水经生物处理后可用于城市绿化。     

甘蓝型油菜不同品种磷运转和再利用差异的研究

采用土壤盆栽试验定量测定并计算4个有代表性的甘蓝型油菜品种（97029、97073、97081、97105）在苗期、蕾期、花期、结角期和成熟期的磷运转和再利用情况，以期揭示磷高效的营养机制。结果表明，所有参试品种在磷的运转和再分配方面都体现了“顶端优势”，磷向生长中心运转和再分配最为活跃，但不同品种在不同生育时期存在明显的阶段性差异。苗期缺磷对地上部的影响比对地下部大，磷高效品种97081苗期和蕾期根系具有较强的磷吸收能力，磷累积量大，但输出率较小，对磷的再利用程度较小；花期耐低磷的适应性反应转为增强再利用，养分开始向生长中心运转；结角期叶片贮备养分比例较大，生长后劲足；成熟期养分向生长中心转移彻底，使有限的磷发挥了最大效能。     

Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies

The development of standardized rating and design procedures for biological filters will require that filter performance be evaluated and reported in a standardized manner. This article recommends draft reporting standards for biofilter performance studies. It is important that critical parameters are defined and reported in a standard manner, both in terms of definition, variable names, and units. Depending on the type and scale of an experiment, reporting of certain parameters will be either mandatory or optional. Basic principles of experimental design, statistical analysis, and randomization must be followed. Experimental protocols are recommended to ensure the accuracy of measured or computed parameters. The development of this reporting standard is being organized through the Standards and Reporting Committee of the Aquaculture Engineering Society (AES). It is anticipated that a revised version of these standards will be incorporated into the Guide to Authors for Aquacultural Engineering.     

农业科学数据共享技术系统研究

[目的/意义]针对农业科学数据共享技术解决方案不系统、对数据重用支撑不足、效率不高的问题,开展了农业科学数据技术系统研究工作,具有重要的理论和实践意义。[方法/过程]以农业科学数据为研究对象,针对农业科学数据共享技术解决方案存在的问题,提出了"三位一体"的农业科学数据共享技术系统,有机结合了数据增强技术、数据互操作技术和数据重用效果评估技术三部分,并设计了每部分的技术路线或框架。[结果/结论]初步解决了农业科学数据共享中存在的技术问题,有效支撑了农业科学数据重用。     

高校教学区中水回用方式初探

中水作为一种污水处理技术,可以减少淡水资源的使用。高校作为用水大户,优质污水量十分可观,故将中水回用系统引入高校十分必要。基于这种形势。提出一种适合于高校教学区使用的中水回用装置,该装置处理工艺简单,使用方便且维修简单。试验结果表明,处理后的水达到了国家相关标准,可以用于道路清洗或草坪灌溉,具有十分可观的经济、环境和社会效益。     

汽车回收行业中再利用零配件智能电子商务系统

介绍了汽车回收再利用零配件现状,首次提出了再利用零配件智能电子商务(EC)系统整体设计方案。着重研究了系统四个关键技术,制定了再利用零配件20位条码编码规范,实现与系统的无缝自动连接;在电子商务交易中利用C#的管道技术对再利用汽车回用件流向采用流水线作业算法,自动转化流程;采用多值影响评估算法对再利用零配件估价;设计了再利用汽车零部件的监控体系。系统能有效地提高工作效率,规范汽车再利用配件交易,具有广阔的应用前景。     

再生水回用市场体系构建的博弈分析

再生水的推广使用对于提高水资源利用效率,缓解日益严峻的用水压力有着极其重要的意义。建立再生水回用的供求关系,构建再生水回用市场体系,将使再生水资源得到积极有效的配置和利用。通过对市场体系构建过程不同阶段的利益相关方进行博弈均衡分析,提出再生水回用市场体系构建的政府政策措施。     

人工芦苇湿地处理城市污水的研究

试验研究表明,利用人工芦苇湿地处理城市污水,一方面,通过芦苇湿地系统对污水中的污染物质有较强的去除作用,处理后水质均达到污水综合排放标准;另一方面,对土壤和芦苇生育未造成不良影响,而且为芦苇生育提供了水肥资源,促进了芦苇的生长发育,因此发展芦苇湿地处理城市污水具有良好的发展前景,也是目前污水处理的一条新途径。     

An Evaluation of Microbial Health Risks to Livestock Fed with Wastewater‐Irrigated Forage Crops

This paper presents the results of five experiments in which animal health risks associated with the consumption of crops irrigated with domestic wastewater were evaluated. Forage maize and Tanner grass were irrigated with treated wastewater and used in goats and calves feeding trials. The irrigated crops presented high levels of surface contamination with E. coli (10⁴–10⁷ 25 g^?1) and salmonellae (up to 1.6 × 10⁴ 25 g^?1), but none of the animals showed signs of infection or of disease. Further, the microbiological quality of animal products always complied with the Brazilian and European Union standards for food safety. It is suggested that the WHO guideline values for restricted irrigation (≤10⁴ E. coli 100 ml^?1 and ≤1 helminth egg l^?1), which were developed to protect the health of agricultural field workers, would be equally protective of the health of both animals fed with wastewater‐irrigated crops and humans consuming products from such animals.     

A partial-reuse system for coldwater aquaculture

A model partial-reuse system is described that provides an alternative to salmonid production in serial-reuse raceway systems and has potential application in other fish-culture situations. The partial-reuse system contained three 10 m³ circular ‘Cornell-type’ dual-drain culture tanks. The side-wall discharge from the culture tanks was treated across a microscreen drum filter, then the water was pumped to the head of the system where dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) stripping and pure oxygen (O₂) supplementation took place before the water returned to the culture tanks. Dilution with make-up water controlled accumulations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). An automatic pH control system that modulated the stripping column fan ‘on’ and ‘off’ was used to limit the fractions of CO₂ and unionized ammonia nitrogen (NH₃---N). The partial-reuse system was evaluated during the culture of eight separate cohorts of advanced fingerlings, i.e., Arctic char, rainbow trout, and an all female brook trout × Arctic char hybrid. The fish performed well, even under intensive conditions, which were indicated by dissolved O₂ consumption across the culture tank that went as high as 13 mg/L and fish-culture densities that were often between 100 and 148 kg/m³. Over all cohorts, feed conversion rates ranged from 1.0 to 1.3, specific growth rates (SGR) ranged from 1.32 to 2.45% body weight per day, and thermal growth coefficients ranged from 0.00132 to 0.00218. The partial-reuse system maintained safe water quality in all cases except for the first cohort—when the stripping column fan failed. The ‘Cornell-type’ dual-drain tank was found to rapidly (within only 1–2 min) and gently concentrate and flush approximately 68–88% (79% overall average) of the TSS produced daily within only 12–18% of the tank’s total water flow. Mean TSS concentrations discharged through the three culture tanks’ bottom-center drains (average of 17.1 mg/L) was 8.7 times greater than the TSS concentration discharged through the three culture tanks’ side-wall drains (average of 2.2 mg/L). Overall, approximately 82% of the TSS produced in the partial-reuse system was captured in an off-line settling tank, which is better TSS removal than others have estimated for serial-reuse systems (approximately 25–50%). For the two cohorts of rainbow trout, the partial-reuse system sustained a production level of 35–45 kg per year of fish for every 1 L/min of make-up water, which is approximately six to seven times greater than the typical 6 kg per year of trout produced for every 1 L/min of water in Idaho serial-reuse raceway systems.