海参加工业清洁生产评价指标体系的构建

海参加工业是我国北方重要的水产品加工行业之一。近年来,随着市场需求的不断增大,海参加工产品产量逐年增加,海参加工业面临的环境问题日益凸显。为了促进我国海参加工业的清洁生产,保证产业的可持续发展,本研究基于我国清洁生产技术体系及海参加工行业的特点,构建了由生产工艺及装备等6个一级指标和加工工艺等24个二级指标组成的海参加工业清洁生产评价指标体系,并选择两家案例企业进行清洁生产水平的评价。研究结果表明,案例企业的清洁生产水平均为Ⅱ级:国内清洁生产先进水平;通过案例分析结果与企业生产现状的对比,证明本指标体系具有一定的科学性、可操作性和适用性。根据评价结果对两家案例企业提出了改变能源类型、提高废弃物资源利用率的清洁生产改进措施,为我国水产品加工行业的清洁生产提供了借鉴与参考。     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的建立

试验旨在建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征病理模型。选取5日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡公雏280只，随机分为对照组（基础日粮组）和3个模型组（A、B、C组），试验第1~10天给模型组饲喂不同配比的高脂饲料，第11~20天饲喂常规基础日粮，每天观察并记录试验鸡精神状态、外观体征、饮水量和食欲情况，试验第0、10、20天从各组随机抽取15只鸡进行翅静脉采血并剖取肝脏和腹脂，测定肝脏系数、肝脂率、腹脂率，血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果显示，试验第10天，3个模型组剖检时可见腹腔和肠系膜有大量的脂肪沉积，肝脏系数、肝脂率和腹脂率，以及血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶指标均符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准；试验第20天，模型A、B组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平有所恢复，其他指标仍高于对照组，而模型C组的临床症状和各项检测指标仍符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准。因此采用连续饲喂高脂饲料C（74.5%基础日粮、6%胆固醇、14%猪油、5%蔗糖、0.5%丙基硫氧嘧啶）可成功建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型。     

我国喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化区植物群落构建机制研究

喀斯特断陷盆地是我国石漠化综合治理8大喀斯特类型中治理成效最低、治理难度最大的区域，面临石漠化严重、干旱频发、植被恢复难等突出问题。文中针对水分是影响喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化治理与植被恢复成效最关键的限制因素，综合分析了国内外水分梯度差异与植物群落构建机制研究动态与发展趋势；提出利用日趋成熟的水分脆弱性评价方法，通过建立基于耦合暴露度、敏感性及适应性的水资源脆弱性评价指标体系，以满足遥感影像分辨率和植物群落调查样地大小的评价单元进行水分脆弱性评估；在建立物种库—功能性状—生境特征数据库的基础上，提出基于功能性状差异进行喀斯特断陷盆地植物群落机制构建的研究方案。提出的研究方案有望解决喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化区水分梯度特征与分布格局、自然植物群落组配规律及其生境特征、水分梯度与生境要素对植物群落特征及功能性状组成的影响规律等关键科学问题，可为不同脆弱生态区植被恢复群落构建机制研究提供重要参考和借鉴。     

Growth,yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes

Sustainability of traditionally cultivated rice in the rice-wheat cropping zone (RWCZ) of Pakistan is dwindling due to the high cost of production, declining water resources and escalating labour availability. Thus, farmers and researchers are compelled to find promising alternatives to traditional transplanted rice (TPR). A field study was conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2017 and 2018 to explore the trade-offs between water saving and paddy yield, water productivity and economics of two aromatic rice varieties under dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) and TPR. The experiment was comprised of three irrigation regimes on the basis of soil moisture tension (SMT) viz., continuous flooded (>−10 kPa SMT), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) (−20 kPa SMT) and aerobic rice (−40 kPa SMT), maintained under TPR and DDSR systems. Two aromatic rice verities: Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati-2016 were used during both years of study. In both years, DDSR produced higher yields (13–18%) and reduced the total water inputs (8–12%) in comparison to TPR. In comparison to traditional continuous flooded (CF), AWD under DDSR reduced total water input by 27–29% and improved the leaf area index (LAI), tillering, yield (7–9%), and water productivity (44–50%). The performance of AWD with regard to water savings and increased productivity was much higher in DDSR system as compared to AWD in TPR system. Cultivation of DDSR with aerobic irrigation improved water savings (49–55%) and water productivity (22–30%) at the expense of paddy yield reduction (36–39%) and spikelet sterility. With regard to variety, the highest paddy yield (6.6 and 6.7 t ha⁻¹) was recorded in DDSR using Chenab Basmati-2016 under AWD irrigation threshold that attributed to high tiller density and LAI. The economic analysis showed DDSR as more beneficial rice establishment method than TPR with a high benefit-cost ratio (BCR) when the crop was irrigated with AWD irrigation threshold. Our results highlighted that with the use of short duration varieties, DDSR cultivation in conjunction with AWD irrigation can be more beneficial for higher productivity and crop yield.     

Managing the fishery commons at Marseille: How a medieval institution failed to accommodate change in an age of globalization

This paper offers a socio‐historical study of the Prud'homie de pêche (the “Prud'homie”), a common‐pool institution (“CPI”) that has managed the fishery commons at Marseille since the Middle Ages. The evidence presented here sheds light on specific challenges faced by the Prud'homie during the early stages of globalization: one challenge is the import of a new fishing technique (the madrague) in the early 17th century, and another challenge is the arrival of migrant fishermen from Catalonia throughout the 18th century. On this basis, this paper explores the ways in which globalization has impacted the Prud'homie and identifies the mechanisms through which these challenges might threaten the functioning of CPIs.     

李正银1,丁永平1,蒋德惠2,范怀刚1,曾清贤1,赵庆尤3

通过多年的技术探索和试验示范,笔者从采穗圃营建、采穗圃管理、穗条采集、蜡封、贮藏及档案记录等方面详细介绍了区域性核桃良种采穗圃营建技术,旨在提高我市核桃采穗圃营建质量和穗条产量,为下一步区域核桃基地品种改良、提质增效工程的优质接穗来源提供技术支撑。     

Effects of AG1 and AG2 QTLs on Nonstructural Carbohydrate and Seed Management Options for Rice Seedling Growth and Establishment under Flooding Stress

Rice (Oryza sativa) plants acquired excess photosynthates in the form of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in their stems and grain. Despite keen interest in rice NSC, the dynamics of NSC accumulation, translocation and re-accumulation have not yet been well investigated. AG1 and AG2 QTLs associated with flooding tolerance through catalyzing starch into soluble sugar in germinating seeds. Here we conducted three experiments, greenhouse and field to lay the groundwork for large-scale diversity studies on grain NSC and some agronomic traits under direct-seeded rice (DSR) system, using elite lines incorporating AG1, AG2 and AG1-AG2 QTLs into the popular varieties PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1 along with the donors Kho Hlan On (AG1) and Ma-Zhan Red (AG2). In germinating seedlings, soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually especially in the tolerant checks and AG1-AG2 introgression lines under flooded soil. Soluble sugar accumulation in stem started to increase from the vegetative stage and peaked at the panicle initiation stage then gradually decreased towards the maturity stage. But Sub1-AG lines had higher sugar and starch concentrations at different growth stages than other genotypes in wet season 2016 and dry season 2017. Plant survival rate was positively correlated with the stem NSC at the early vegetative stage (21 days after sowing), and stem NSC was positively associated with plant height at different growth stages. Among the tested seeding rate, the most suitable seeding rate, 4 g/m² with shallow burial depth (0.5 cm), resulted in better seedling establishment, relatively higher seedling vigor index and higher leaf area index under flooding in DSR system. Introgression of AG1-AG2 QTLs had no any negative impact on nonstructural carbohydrate, germination rate, and growth and biomass production.     

森林保险制度体系重塑与运行机制优化

森林保险市场存在有效需求不足、创新供给乏力、地方政府参与积极性低的供需双冷局面,财政补贴政策低效运行。其根本原因是缺乏独立的适应其特殊性的森林保险制度体系作为保障,致使现有运行机制不协同,产品体系不科学,补贴机制不合理,导致市场发展缓慢。为此,通过林业风险与林业生产的属性特征分析,确定我国森林保险属性定位应是有政府支持的商业性森林保险,在此基础上围绕运行模式、产品体系、财政补贴体系建立相应的运行机制,从而构建一套独立综合的森林保险制度体系与运行机制,以改善供需双冷市场僵局,保障财政补贴政策有效发挥,推动森林保险健康持续发展。     

Comparison of the effects of seed coating with tungsten and molybdenum compounds on seedling establishment rates of rice,wheat, barley,and soybean under flooded conditions

Seed coating with molybdenum compounds improves seedling establishment for rice, wheat, barley, and soybean when such seeds were sown under flooded conditions. Tungsten belongs to the same chemical group as molybdenum in the periodic table, and similar to molybdenum, inhibits the generation of sulfide ions. Here, the effects of tungsten and molybdenum containing seed coatings on seedling establishment under flooded conditions were compared using rice, wheat, barley, and soybean. In rice, the effects of tungsten compounds on seedling establishment varied. Tungsten trioxide had little effect but tungstic acid and ammonium phosphotungstate significantly improved seedling establishment when the amounts were at least .1–.2 mol W kg^?1. Although the effect of tungsten coating varied depending on the compound used, ammonium phosphotungstate, along with other tungsten compounds, improved seedling establishment in a manner comparable with that of molybdenum compounds. For wheat and barley, ammonium phosphotungstate treatment resulted in a significant increase in establishment that was only slightly less than the results observed using molybdenum compounds. Tungstic acid and ammonium phosphotungstate treatments improved soybean establishment in a significant manner that was comparable with those of molybdenum compounds. Collectively, these results suggest that tungsten compounds, as well as molybdenum compounds, improve seedling establishment under flooded conditions.     

太子山马尾松种子园营建技术研究

本文从建园材料选择和收集、嫁接技术、建植方式及定植密度、种子园营建和激素对促进球花形成的研究等方面总结了太子山马尾松种子园建设的技术及经验。太子山种子园的建成不但加速了我省马尾松良种化的进程 ,而且为今后我省马尾松种子园营建和育种提供了理论依据和材料。