珠江三角洲地区生鲜农产品冷链网络化运输技术

文章主要是对我国的珠江三角洲地区的生鲜农产品冷链的物流方式进行探究,结合现在我国的生鲜农产品冷链运输技术的现状和发展前景进行大胆的预测,并提出我国的珠江三角洲地区的生鲜农产品冷链的运输技术的网络化的建议。     

黑珍珠樱桃在黔北地区的生物学特性及栽培技术

历经7年(2003-2009年)对黔北地区黑珍株樱桃进行了引种观察和栽培试验。结果表明:定植后第2年部分植株开花结果,第3年大部分植株开花结果,第4年植株普遍开花结果,第5～6年以后进入盛果期。植株抗病、抗虫性较强,同时抗低温、抗旱、抗裂果较强。在海拨800～1200m,平地、山地和坡地栽植生长结果均良好。并提出了采用高标准建园、配方施肥、合理修剪、保花保果、合理疏花疏果、有效防治病虫害和合理采收等配套的栽培措施。     

A minute P application contributes to a better establishment of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) seedling in P deficient soils

Many soils of the semi-arid tropics are deficient in P, and under such adverse conditions, the establishment of pearl millet seedlings is a critical step to achieve satisfactory crop stands. Phosphorus fertilizer is expensive for small holder farmers and is only applied at low rates, insufficient to give satisfactory crop stands. Methods are needed to enhance productivity at low rates of application. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a minute application of P at early seedling stage, equivalent to 125–500 g P/ha, would enhance the plant establishment under P-limiting conditions. We measured the minimum application of P needed to elicit a response of different genotypes. Pot experiments were conducted with pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) hybrids to measure the response to P placed close to the root system, 5 days after sowing (DAS), compared with a non-limiting P control (DAP). The placement treatments were 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mg soluble P per seedling, applied as KH₂PO₄ solution. The localized placement of P increased biomass in all three soils tested. In one soil, plant biomass at 1000 μL (1 mg P) reached about 50% of the non limited control. If applied later than 19 DAS the placement had no effect on the plant biomass. Hybrid ICMP 451-P8 was more responsive than hybrid 81B-P6. Placement to 20 inbred lines of pearl millet increased biomass by an average of 105% compared with no placement with large genotypic variation. Although this work was not intended to be a way of applying P fertilizer to pearl millet under field conditions, it showed that applying minute amount of P to pearl millet seedling (equivalent to 125–500 g P/ha) enhanced their establishment and led to improved growth for at least 5–6 weeks after sowing. Further work is in progress to develop a feasible technology for field crops based on the results of this study.     

Pearl Millet Phenology and Growth in Relation to Thermal Time under Arid Environment

Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) hybrid MH 179 was grown under two moisture regimes viz., optimal moisture and rainfed conditions. The field experiment was continued for three consecutive rainy seasons to quantify the pearl millet development with thermal time. The possible influence of variation in natural sowing date on the relationships between crop development and thermal time have been described. At cardinal temperatures of 10°C (base temperature below which pearl millet development ceases), 33°C (optimal temperature for development) and 45°C (maximum temperature at and above which no development takes place), the crop required 1490–1794°Cd thermal time to reach physiological maturity. The thermal time requirement for different developmental stages was influenced by the sowing time and moisture availability during the growing season of the crop.
The leaf tip appearance on the main shoot of pearl millet in relation to thermal time was almost linear under both moisture conditions requiring about 44–50°Cd ± 2.6 °Cd leaf⁻¹, till the appearance of the flag (last) leaf. However, leaf tip appearance on primary tillers was slightly slower and required 53-58°Cd ± 4.7°Cd for each new leaf. Appearance of first primary tiller was later (at 320°Cd after emergence) under the rainfed condition as compared to the crop under the optimal moisture (at 250°Cd).Thereafter, the tiller appearance in relation to thermal time under both moisture conditions was at a linear rate of about 53-56°Cd ± 9.5°Cd tiller⁻¹.
Effect of microclimatic variations, canopy temperature, radiation and photoperiod on the phenology-thermal time relationships have been discussed under both the moisture conditions.     

先秦至汉晋时期珍珠的考古发现与初步研究

我国古代先民很早便开始采捕珍珠。先秦以迄西汉中期,出土珍珠的墓葬或规模宏大,或随葬品丰富,反映出这一时期珍珠作为昂贵奢侈品流通的属性。而西汉中晚期以来,尤其是东汉时期,珍珠较多地在中小型墓中出现,表明珍珠的消费群体逐渐扩大。随着岭南珍珠开采和贸易的兴起,合浦成为海上丝绸之路的重要港口。先秦至汉晋时期,珍珠被广泛应用于装饰、丧葬、美容等领域,并被人们赋予一定的文化含义,从而影响着当时的社会生活。     

Effect of water temperature and chlorophyll abundance on shell growth of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, in suspended culture at different depths and sites

To understand the relationships between shell growth and some environmental factors, we examined the relationships between water temperature or chlorophyll abundance and the shell growth of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, suspended at three different depths at two sites. Growth in height, length and thickness of the shells were limited by water temperature during winter (< 20 °C), whereas growth in thickness correlated with food abundance, measured as chlorophyll, during early summer (> 20 °C). These results suggest that the shell of P. fucata martensii could grow well at locations with greater abundance of food and adequate water temperatures (20–26 °C), resulting in a longer growing season.     

常见降压动物药研究进展

高血压为目前最常见的慢性病,严重威胁人类健康。随着近年来对治疗和控制高血压药物的各方面研究的积极开展,具有降压和控制血压稳定性的动物药越来越引人关注。本文对近年来降压动物药的试验研究,临床应用和其药理作用的研究进展进行了整理,通过对牛黄、地龙等常见动物药在高血压治疗和控制上的研究概况的介绍,综述了降压动物药的研究进展。     

中国淡水珍珠种业现状与发展趋势

我国是世界上第一淡水珍珠生产国,其产业和种业发展分为4个时期,本文综述了不同时期产业和种业发展特点。第一发展时期,产业规模迅速发展,天然水域苗种供不应求,淡水珍珠蚌种质资源破坏严重;第二发展时期,突破淡水珍珠蚌人工繁殖技术,确定三角帆蚌与褶纹冠蚌为我国最佳淡水育珠蚌,淡水珍珠产量跃居世界第一;第三发展时期,民营珍珠企业发展迅速,促进淡水珍珠养殖和苗种生产商业化,淡水珍珠产量达到历史最高水平;2008年至今,进入提高珍珠产量向提高珍珠质量转型期。目前,淡水珍珠蚌苗种生产规模化水平不断提高,但农户自繁自养模式仍占较高比重,苗种生产工业化程度较低。在种质创新与利用方面,种质资源评价、杂交育种和选择育种等工作逐步开展,但现代育种技术应用率低、科技成果转化率低的问题突出。最后,根据现代水产种业发展要求,展望了我国淡水珍珠种业现代化、商品化和多元化发展趋势,并提出一些建议,以期推动淡水珍珠种业乃至产业发展。