不同阶段猪用颗粒饲料物理性能的对比分析

对某饲料厂不同阶段猪用4种颗粒饲料的物理性能包括直径、长度、硬度、容重、含粉率和耐久性指数（Pellet Durability Index, PDI）等进行测定,对结果进行归类总结并采用统计学的方法参照有关标准进行分析。结果表明,4种颗粒饲料直径在2.87~3.94 mm之间,母猪料直径最大,小猪料最小,两两之间差异显著（P<0.05）,而且随着猪只年龄的增加,颗粒饲料的直径呈递增趋势。颗粒长度在8.62~11.94 mm之间,以大猪料最长,小猪料最短,长径比偏高。颗粒硬度在3.86~6.47 kg之间,以大猪料最大,小猪料最小,中小猪料显著低于大猪料和母猪料（P<0.05）,只有小猪料符合有关要求。颗粒容重在576.7~614.6 g/L之间,母猪料最大,小猪料最小,两两之间差异显著（P<0.05）,与直径呈相同的增减趋势。含粉率以小猪料最大,且只有小猪料与大猪料之间差异显著（P<0.05）。颗粒PDI以大猪料最大,小猪料最小,各阶段猪料的含粉率和PDI均符合有关要求。建议饲料厂家注重颗粒饲料物理性能指标的控制,调整饲料配方和工艺参数,不断改进颗粒饲料的质量。     

牧场土壤含水率与坚实度空间变异与相关性分

利用土壤水分/圆锥指数复合测量装置,应用精细农作技术体系网格定点测量与GPS定位,在一块面积约1.27 hm2的草地上获取了土壤含水率与坚实度空间分布基础数据,并针对采样过程中出现的数据缺失,用偏最小二乘法对数据进行修补.然后运用克里格插值法进行数字化成图,并在此基础上分别对含水率与坚实度的空间变异性及两者的相关性做了分析.     

Maize kernel color depends on the interaction between hardness and carotenoid concentration

Maize kernel color and carotenoid concentration are traits valued by the food industry to ensure the quality of their products. Correlations between color and carotenoid concentration have been extensively reported. Based on the concept that chromaticity is modified differently by opaque and translucent materials, we tested the hypothesis that maize kernel color is not only the result of total carotenoid concentration but also a consequence of kernel hardness. Kernel hardness (test weight, vitreousness, and floaters percentage), carotenoid concentration, and color (HunterLab) were measured in thirteen commercial hybrids. Genotypes showed significant differences in all analyzed kernel hardness traits, carotenoid concentration (24.7–39.4 mg kg⁻¹), and HunterLab color dimensions. Kernel color values and kernel hardness were correlated. Genotype differences in b (yellowness) were observed in kernels with similar total carotenoid concentration but contrasting hardness. For a similar carotenoid concentration harder genotypes always showed lower b values. When whole kernels were milled and color was measured on the resulting flour, genotype differences in yellowness disappeared, further supporting that the kernel vitreous structure affects kernel color. Our results sustain the notion that the genotype capacity to form larger proportions of vitreous endosperm impacts color regardless of total carotenoid concentration.     

桃硬度与果实部分性状的相关性研究

以16个桃品种为试材,研究不同品种桃果实硬度与其果实性状之间的关系。结果表明,桃果实的果肉硬度与Vc含量呈极显著相关性,相关系数为0.72;桃果实果皮硬度与Vc含量呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.52;桃果实果肉硬度与可溶性果胶含量呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.58;不同品种桃果实的Vc含量与可溶性果胶含量呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.58。     

纳米Al_2O_3改性水性木器漆耐磨性和硬度的研究

为提高水性聚丙烯酸酯木器漆的耐磨性和硬度,进行纳米Al2O3浆料的制备及其对水性木器漆改性的研究,探讨分析不同制备方法和Al2O3添加量对漆膜耐磨性和硬度的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂、聚乙二醇和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚为润湿剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定保护胶,在高速搅拌下制成的纳米Al2O3浆料,在透射电镜下观察发现纳米Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,具有良好的分散性;在不影响漆膜透明度的情况下,漆膜耐磨性和硬度随Al2O3添加量增加得到提高,添加量在1.5%时漆膜具有较好的耐磨性和硬度;纳米杂合工艺法的漆膜耐磨性和硬度优于后添加法制备的水性木器漆涂膜。     

小麦及其部分近缘种属Puroindolines蛋白的分离与检测*

通过对104份普通小麦（Tritium aestivum）及其近缘种属材料puroindolines蛋白（包括PinA和PinB）的初步研究，提出一种改进的Urea-SDS-PAGE凝胶系统用于此蛋白的分离和检测。结果表明，和普通的SDS-PAGE相比，可以清晰地分开PinA和PinB，分辨率较高，检测效果较好。改进的凝胶系统也可用于其它蛋白，特别是小分子量且等电点和分子量相近蛋白组分的分离和检测。在所分析的材料中，普通小麦的PinA和PinB蛋白变异较丰富，斯卑尔脱小麦（T.aestivum ssp．spelta）、密穗小麦（T.aestivum ssp．compactum）、西藏半野生小麦（T.aestivum ssp．tibeticum）和山羊草（Aegilops tauschii）中未发现变异；野生二粒小麦（T.turgidum var．dicoccides）、长穗偃麦草（Thinopyrum elongamm）未检测出puroindolines蛋白。     

收获期木薯地耕作层土壤硬度的试验研究

采用田间物理测定和数理统计分析方法,测定了收获期木薯种植地耕作层不同深度的土壤硬度,建立了耕作层深度与土壤硬度的数学模型,分析了土层深度对土壤硬度的影响规律。结果表明:建立的木薯地耕作层土壤硬度与深度的数学模型精度高,硬度与深度基本上成3次方的非线性关系;采用盖膜方式种植的木薯地,其土壤硬度先随土层深度的增大而增大,后随土层深度的增大而缓慢增大或减小;不采用盖膜方式种植的木薯地,其土壤硬度先随土层深度的增大而减小,后随土层深度的增大而增大,最后又随土层深度的增大而减小。     

Design method and homogeneity control of bridge fair-faced concrete

According to the structural characteristics of bridge engineering, the mix optimization design method of bridge fair-faced concrete was presented, and C30~C50 concrete with high cohesion and package, outstanding fluidity and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. Through the test of air content of fresh concrete, micro hardness and micro structure in different parts of hardened concrete specimens, effects of viscosity-modifying admixtures on homogeneity of concrete were discussed. The results showed that the composition of bridge fair-faced concrete were relatively homogeneous, and the microstructure were relatively dense. When C30 concrete mixed with 5 × 10 -5 cellulose ether or 6% silica fume (mass fraction of cementitious material), air content of fresh concrete were less than 2%, and slurry viscosity values were between 1 900 and 2 000 MPa·s. Also, the micro hardness values in different parts of hardened concrete specimens were closed. The results were applied in practical bridge engineering, which generally meets the apparent quality requirements of bridge fair faced concrete.     

农田土壤含水率与坚实度快速信息采集系统

介绍了一种农田土壤含水率与坚实度快速信息采集系统.本系统包括土壤介电传感器、圆锥指数传感器及深度传感器,可以快速、同步、实时地获得0～500mm范围内土壤剖面含水率与圆锥指数信息.同时,本系统还结合了GPS和GIS技术,实现了土壤参数的空间分析,可以更方便地把系统应用于农田信息管理.本系统为实现土壤水分和坚实度的同步测量搭建了一个智能化的试验平台,并且在与德国波恩大学农业工程研究所的合作中成功地应用于田间测量.     

35CrMo旋转接头激光表面硬化技术的试验研究

用L9(34)正交试验法研究35CrMo旋转接头激光相变硬化工艺参数优化组合,分析了旋转接头激光相变硬化方法.试验结果表明:激光相变硬化层硬度比渗氮淬火提高了30%,耐磨性提高了1倍,表面残余应力为压应力;满足了旋转接头工作要求,为改进旋转接头表面处理方法提供了依据.