湖南永州尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒的蛋白组分及毒性分析

采用Nano–LC–ESI–MS/MS蛋白鉴定技术对湖南永州尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒蛋白组分进行质谱分析,应用常规体外试管法对尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒体外溶血值进行检测,采用改良寇式法对尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒LD_(50)进行测定。结果显示:尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒含有50种蛋白,蛋白相对分子质量集中在1.0×10~4～2.0×10~4(46.9%)、4.0×10~4～5.0×10~4(22.4%)、2.0×10~4～3.0×10~4(10.6%)和7.0×10~4～8.0×10~4(7.6%),其中代表性的高丰度蛋白有蛇毒金属蛋白酶A(11.7%)、蛇毒金属蛋白酶H1(9.8%)、蕲蛇类凝血酶–2(7.3%)、抗凝血酶A–A亚基(6.8%),低丰度蛋白(0.1%)有Ecto–5'–核苷酸酶、碱性磷脂酶A2 DAV–N6、生长分化因子11;蛇毒引起红细胞溶血的最低质量浓度为60.00μg/mL,尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒对KM小鼠的LD_(50)为7.1796mg/kg,攻毒小鼠出现呼吸急促、躁动不安、注射部位出现奇特瘙痒和大面积溃烂,至死亡。     

蜂粮研究进展

蜂粮作为工蜂和幼蜂的食物营养来源，在蜂群生活中有重要意义。本文综述了蜂粮研究的现状，内容包括蜂粮酿制机理、不同蜂群贮酿蜂粮的习性、蜂粮酿制过程中的营养成分、微生物区系、花粉活力、水活度和pH等成分的变化、蜂粮开发利用现状等。对蜂粮研究和开发利用中存在的问题和研究方向进行了讨论     

Antineurotoxic activity of Galactia glaucescens against Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

Ethanolic extract of leaves of Galactia glauscescens (GGE) at concentration of 100 and 500 mug/ml prevented the neuromuscular paralysis induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus venom on mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation.     

蜜蜂生物学理论的运用与实践

本文就蜜蜂生物学的2组数据 (三型蜂的个体发育及蜂巢恒定的温度 )在养蜂生产中运用及实践进行论述 ,以期能普及蜜蜂生物学知识 ,将养蜂业建立在科学基础之上 ,产生较好的经济效益。     

苏木水提物抗蛇毒磷脂酶A2活性研究

中药苏木(Sappan Lignum)来源于植物苏木(Caesalpinia sappan L.)的干燥心材,具有止血 抗炎等功效。采用琼脂糖平板法研究不同浓度的苏木水提物（0.03g/ml,0.06g/ml,0.09g/ml, 0.12g/ml,0.15g/ml）对蛇毒sPLA2水解活性的抑制作用,测量透明圈和孔的直径,根据酶活标准曲 线计算其抑制率。结果表明0.15g/ml 苏木水提物对五步蛇毒sPLA2水解活性有抑制作用。     

白色霞水母刺细胞毒素抗烟草花叶病毒活性

为探索从水母毒素中获取抗植物病毒物质的应用前景,采用半叶枯斑法、整株法和漂浮叶圆片法,对白色霞水母Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye刺细胞毒素的抗烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)活性进行了检测。结果表明,白色霞水母刺细胞毒素对TMV具有很强的直接钝化作用,枯斑抑制率随钝化时间的延长而增大。0.99 mg/m L毒素体外钝化TMV 30 min,枯斑抑制率达98.85%,将TMV与0.80 mg/m L毒素体外混合后立即接种,枯斑抑制率仍达89.57%;20~70℃之间,毒素对TMV的钝化作用随温度升高而降低,但又表现出一定的高温耐受性,70℃下处理30min,1.33 mg/m L毒素对枯斑的抑制率为61.73%。毒素对病毒初侵染有一定的预防作用,并可抑制TMV的增殖;1.93 mg/m L毒素处理接种TMV的叶圆片2 d后,对TMV的增殖抑制率为49.41%;但该毒素对TMV所致病害的治疗效果不明显。该毒素还具有较强的蛋白水解酶活性,可能与其抗TMV活性相关。表明白色霞水母刺细胞毒素抗TMV作用明显,其抗植物病毒活性值得深入研究。     

我国蜂产品行业建立并实施ISO22000食品安全管理体系的意义

分析了我国蜂产品行业质量管理和食品安全现状,并根据食品安全管理体系的发展历史和特点,提出蜂产品企业应建立并有效实施ISO22000食品安全管理体系。最后,给出了建议和对策。     

The complex responses of social stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) to tropical deforestation

Despite concern over a putative “global pollination crisis”, we still have an incomplete understanding of how bee communities respond to land-use change. I studied the responses of social stingless (or “meliponine”) bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) to surrounding forest cover and floral resources in 35 sites in a largely deforested landscape in Costa Rica over three years, sampling bees with a standardized netting protocol. I recorded a diverse fauna of meliponines, comprised of 20 species and nine genera. I found that meliponine species richness and abundance are strongly related to forest cover, but not floral resource variables (blooming plant species richness and abundance). The effect of forest on meliponine abundance, but not diversity, disappeared when the most common meliponine species, Trigona fulviventris (which comprised ∼45% of sampled individuals), was excluded from analyses. Meliponine community composition, by contrast, was related most strongly to plant species richness, only weakly to forest cover, and not related to blooming plant abundance. This work differs from past work in the same landscape, which did not find evidence of changes in species richness or abundance of meliponines and forest-related variables (distance to forest or forest fragment size), but did find shifts toward meliponine-dominated communities near forests, especially larger ones. The larger true sample size (i.e. number of sample sites) of the present work likely improved the statistical power to detect these relationships. While meliponines are forest dependent, I recorded some species in the smallest forest fragments in the landscape, and as a group they respond strongly to overall forest cover in the landscape (i.e. including both small and large patches of forest). Both of these observations support arguments for preserving even small fragments of forest in agricultural landscapes. Given the ecological and economic importance of meliponine bees, it is imperative that we better understand their long-term conservation needs in the changing tropical landscapes of the world.     

基于蜜蜂免疫进化算法的湖泊富营养化评价

为建立对多个指标皆适用的湖泊富营养化评价模型,在对各营养状态指标值进行规范变换的基础上构建一个对多项指标的规范值均适用的湖泊营养状态的对数型幂函数指数公式,并采用蜜蜂免疫进化算法对公式中的参数进行优化,获得湖泊营养状态的对数型幂函数普适指数公式。将普适公式应用于武汉东湖10个湖区的营养状态评价分析,其评价结果与用幂函数加和型指数公式的评价结果完全一致,并与实际相符合,表明蜜蜂免疫进化算法用于富营养化评价模型中的参数优化是可行的。