黄牛与牦牛 ANGPTL4_exon5多态性与生长性状的相关性

以5个地方黄牛及青海牦牛为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术对367头黄牛与牦牛的类血管生长因子4基因的第5外显子（ANGPTL4_exon5）序列进行SNP检测,并分析该SNP与黄牛与牦牛生长性状的相关性。结果发现1个新的SNP多态位点（NC₀07305:g.C4899T）,并检测出CC、TT和CT3种基因型。黄牛和牦牛不同基因型与生长发育性状的相关分析显示,黄牛TT基因型个体的体质量（399.096±32.946）kg、体斜长（147.447±4.456）cm、胸围（175.188±5.814）cm和腹围（204.657±7.113）cm,显著大于CT基因型个体,依次为（275.636±51.266）kg、（126.470±6.933）cm、（154.031±9.047）cm、（178.911±11.069）cm,其余各项指标基因型间差异不显著。因此,该位点有可能作为黄牛生长性状辅助选择的标记之一。青海牦牛群体中没有发现与该基因座多态显著相关的性状。     

多小穗小麦品系10-A及其改良系的谷蛋白分析

应用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS -PAGE)分析了多小穗小麦品系 10 -A以及来源于三交组合 10 -A/ 88- 16 43/川育 12号的 5 6个稳定品系的谷蛋白。结果表明 ,10 -A、88- 16 43和川育 12号的谷蛋白带纹各不相同 ,能彼此区分。在这 5 6个后代品系中 ,高分子量谷蛋白带纹出现了与 88- 16 43、川育 12号一致的类型以及 4种三亲本间的重组类型 ,没有出现 10 -A的谱带类型和突变类型。在这些品系中 ,有 8个品系含优质亚基组合2 ,7+ 8,5 + 10 (占 14 3% ) ,11个品系含优质亚基组合 1,7+ 8,5 + 10 (占 19 6 % )。     

阻塞性肺气肿大鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中MMP-9、TNF-a、TGF-β1、IL-10水平变化

目的探讨MMP-9、TNF-a、TGF-β1、IL-10在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病机制中的作用。方法 40只Wistar大鼠随机分为单纯吸烟组(S组)、单纯肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染组(I组)、吸烟加肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染组(E组)、对照组(C组)。16周后处死动物,HE染色观察肺脏病理变化,ELISA检测血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中MMP-9、TNF-a、TGF-?1、IL-10的水平。结果 E组肺组织病理改变明显,S组和I组均较轻微。E、S、组的BALF中MMP-9、TNF-a、TGF-β1及IL-10水平均明显高于C组(P<0.01),其中E组最明显;I组的BALF中MMP-9和TGF-β1水平高于S组(P<0.01)。E组的血清MMP-9水平高于S、I和C组,但TNF-a水平降低(P<0.01);E、S、I组的血清TGF-β1水平高于C组,但IL-10水平降低(P<0.01)。结论 MMP-9、TNF-a、TGF-β1及IL-10均参与COPD的发病。     

浙江临安5种竹类群落可吸入颗粒物(PM10)变化规律的研究

在浙江临安农林大学校园内测量5种竹类群落中空气可吸入颗粒物浓度。结果表明,可吸入颗粒物浓度每日和每月的变化都具有一定的规律性:5种竹类群落空气中可吸入颗粒物PM10浓度白天出现2次峰值,而一年中的变化规律是冬季和初春高于夏季。竹群落中的PM10与环境因子中的湿度和温度在0.01水平上分别呈正相关和负相关。     

ywbB基因对枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株生物膜形成和根际定殖能力的影响

为明确枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis NCD-2菌株生物膜形成相关基因及其在生物膜形成、根际定殖中的作用,采用转座子插入技术,从4000余株NCD-2突变子中获得6株生物膜形成能力降低的突变子。在生物膜形成能力丧失的突变子M3中,转座子以单拷贝的形式插入到ywbB基因内部。通过基因同源重组技术对ywbB基因进行缺失突变,获得ywbB基因缺失突变菌株NCD-2(ΔywbB),与野生菌株相比,突变子丧失了生物膜形成能力。进一步比较发现,突变菌株NCD-2(ΔywbB)显著降低了在棉花根际的群体数量,同时也降低了对棉花立枯病的防治效果。研究证明,ywbB是NCD-2菌株生物膜形成途径中的重要基因,且生物膜形成与NCD-2菌株根际定殖和生防效果呈正相关。     

10％苯醚甲环唑·多抗霉素可湿性粉剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果

[目的]筛选控制小麦赤霉病发生流行与为害的有效药剂。[方法]研究了不同施用剂量(300、375和450 g/hm2)的10%苯醚甲环唑·多抗霉素可湿性粉剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果。[结果]450 g/hm210%苯醚甲环唑·多抗霉素可湿性粉剂处理区药后20 d对小麦赤霉病的防治效果为85.8%,明显高于对照药剂3%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散剂、40%多.酮可湿性粉剂处理区的防治效果,且在试验剂量内对小麦安全并有一定的增产作用。[结论]10%苯醚甲环唑.多抗霉素可湿性粉剂是防治小麦赤霉病较为理想的药剂,建议施用剂量以商品量450 g/hm2为宜,第1次施药应在小麦扬花株率达10%左右时进行,间隔7 d进行第2次施药。     

Dissection of a major QTL for seed colour and fibre content in Brassica napus reveals colocalization with candidate genes for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid deposition

A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing seed fibre and colour in Brassica napus was dissected by marker saturation in a doubled haploid (DH) population from the black‐seeded oilseed rape line ‘Express 617’ crossed with a yellow‐seeded B. napus line, ‘1012–98’. The marker at the peak of a sub‐QTL with a strong effect on both seed colour and acid detergent lignin content lay only 4 kb away from a Brassica (H+)‐ATPase gene orthologous to the transparent testa gene AHA10. Near the peak of a second sub‐QTL, we mapped a copy of the key phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, while another key phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene, cinnamoyl co‐a reductase 1, was found nearby. In a cross between ‘Express 617’ and another dark‐seeded parent, ‘V8’, Bna.CCR1 was localized in silico near the peak of a corresponding seed fibre QTL, whereas in this case Bna.CAD2/CAD3 lay nearby. Re‐sequencing of the two phenylpropanoid genes via next‐generation amplicon sequencing revealed intragenic rearrangements and functionally relevant allelic variation in the three parents.     

The potato R10 resistance specificity to late blight is conferred by both a single dominant R gene and quantitative trait loci

The R10 late blight differential of potato, 3681ad1, exhibits good field resistance. Progeny from the cross between 3681ad1 and the susceptible cultivar ‘Katahdin’ were assessed for late blight resistance to three Phytophthora infestans isolates, using a detached leaf assay. Progeny differed in response to the three isolates. Resistance to isolates IPO‐0 and 99018 was controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL), whereas resistance to isolate 89148‐9 was inherited as a dominant R gene, designated as R10 in this study. Statistical analysis revealed that one of the resistance QTLs to isolates IPO‐0 and 99018 is linked to the R10 gene, which maps to chromosome 11 in a region where a complex late blight resistance locus has been reported previously. A high‐resolution map of R10 was constructed using a large segregating population, and the gene was delimited to a genetic interval of 0.26 cM. The clustering of the qualitative gene R10 with resistance QTLs could explain the field resistance observed with 3681ad1.     

黄瓜生长素响应因子CsARF10亚家族3个基因的克隆与表达分析

 利通过蛋白序列同源比对和PCR技术从黄瓜中克隆获得了3条生长素响应因子ARF10基因序列,分别命名为CsARF10a、CsARF10b和CsARF10c。系统发育进化树分析发现CsARF10a与番茄SlARF10基因进化距离较近,而CsARF10b和CsARF10c与拟南芥AtARF10相似性更高;启动子分析显示CsARF10家族基因具有多样化的激素应答元件,荧光定量PCR结果也证明黄瓜幼苗在不同NAA浓度处理以及其他激素的处理下,CsARF10家族基因呈现不同的表达模式;荧光定量PCR结果还显示CsARF10家族基因在黄瓜幼苗的根、茎、叶及雄花中都具有较高的转录水平;CsARF10a、b、c在黄瓜果实发育的早期具有相同的表达趋势,但CsARF10a的转录水平较高,而CsARF10b和CsARF10c表达量较低。     

Effect of hay dust extract and cyathostomin antigen stimulation on cytokine expression by PBMC in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an inflammatory, obstructive airway disease induced by exposure of susceptible horses to inhaled organic dust particles. The immunological process underlying RAO is still unclear. Previous studies have shown that RAO is linked to the Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) gene in one Warmblood family (F1), but not in another (F2). It has also been shown that in F1, but not in F2, RAO is associated with resistance against parasites, suggesting that this association may have an immuno-genetic basis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the T helper (h)1/Th2/regulatory (Treg) cytokine profiles of RAO-associated antigen- and parasite-antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) differ between RAO-affected and healthy horses depending on their genetic background. In our study, PBMC from 17 RAO-affected and 14 healthy control horses of F1 and F2 were stimulated for 24 h with antigens relevant to RAO [hay dust extract (HDE), Aspergillus fumigatus extract (AFE) and lipopolysaccharids (LPS)]; cyathostomin extract (CE) and recombinant cyathostomin antigen (RCA) or with concanavalin A (ConA). Total mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-4R, IL-13, interferon (INF)-γ and IL-10 were examined by qRT-PCR. Stimulation with either HDE or RCA resulted in significant differences in IL-4R mRNA levels between RAO-affected and control horses in F1, but not in F2. For IL-10 mRNA expression, a significant difference between RAO-affected and control horses in F1 but not in F2 was observed only following stimulation with HDE. In contrast to HDE, stimulation with CE resulted in a significant difference of IL-10 mRNA expression level between RAO-affected horses of F2 and healthy horses of F1. No significant differences were detected upon stimulation with any of the other challenge agents. These findings indicate that the immunological response, specifically IL-4R expression, in response to hay dust and cyathostomin antigens, differs between RAO-affected and healthy horses depending on their genetic background. This study shows that analysis of PBMC reveals systemic changes associated with RAO and helps to elucidate immunological pathways involved in this disease.