玉米浸渍过程中乳酸菌区系的变化

以ＭＲＳ乳酸培养基和修改的ＭＲＳ培养基研究了玉米浸渍过程中乳酸菌区系的变化，并探讨了玉米浸琐过程中浮酸发酵与玉米浸渍液成分的关系。     

多媒体玉米管理知识浏览系统

本文简要介绍了多媒体玉米管理知识浏览系统的设计、主要功能和技术特点。作为一个普及农业实用技术的计算机软件，该系统在高科技服务农业一线的技术手段和具体实现上做出了有益的尝试和探索。同时，该系统还在多平台、多媒体表现农业实用技术方面具有鲜明的特色。     

Water Stress and N Fertilization Effects on Yield and Smut Disease Incidence in Corn (Zea mays L.)

A 2-year field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil to quantify the single and combined effects of N fertilization and water stress (WS) treatments on yield and smut incidence in corn. The plants were supplied with two different N rates (225 and 300 kg ha⁻¹) and subjected to 2 weeks' water stress, imposed at vegetative (Vg), tasselling (Ta), silking (Si) and grain-filling (Gf) growth stages. In addition, a control treatment (Cr) was also included to allow the plants to grow under unstressed conditions. The plants were artificially infected two times with Ustilago maydis spores and smut severity was recorded. At harvest, grain yield (GY), total biomass (Tbm) and harvest index (HI) were determined in smut-free (0) and smutted plants (S). Results have shown that GY₀ and GY_s were markedly reduced when the plants were subjected to WS. The depressing effects of WS were, comparatively, high at Gf. intermediate at Ta and Si. and low at Vg growth stages. Smut index (SI) data revealed that severity was higher on plants stressed at Gf than those exposed to WS at Vg, Ta or Si stages. Considerable variations were detected on Tbm and HI of smut-free and smutted plants, indicating the detrimental effect of plant water deficit at Gf stage. The combined effect of WS and N on Tbm_s showed mixed results, ranging from positive response for stressed plants at Si and Gf to little response at Cr, Vg or Ta stages at higher N rate. Although the effect of WS exposure on RYL data was dominant at Gf, the rate of yield depression was relatively higher at Ta and Si than the other growth stages, because of water deficit effects. The results proved that N fertilization did not conclusively alleviate the depressing effect of WS on grain yield losses.     

不同比例羊草与青贮饲料在奶牛瘤胃内干物质降解率的研究

为测定不同比例羊草与青贮饲料(分别为100:0,0:100,20:80,70:30,60:40,50:50)在奶牛瘤胃内干物质降解率,本试验以3头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法对各配比组干物质降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明:不同配比组其干物质瘤胃降解率分别为32.66%,37.65%,38.05%,34.06%,39.38%,39.44%。说明当羊草与青贮配比50:50～60:40时,干物质降解率高于其他各组。     

降雨和风干对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

选取蜡熟期去穂玉米秸秆粉碎后分为模拟降雨组(通过人工喷水模拟降雨,每2h喷洒一次,每次喷水2l/t,一天3次)、风干组(自然风干6h)、对照组(不做任何处理),研究降雨和风干对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响。结果表明:3组干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)含量均呈下降趋势。青贮50d时,对照组DM显著高于模拟降雨组但低于风干组(P<0.05),干物质损失率均显著低于两试验组(P<0.05),CP含量显著高于模拟降雨组和风干组(P<0.05);模拟降雨组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量在青贮过程中始终处于最低水平,青贮50d时,WSC仅为4.87%,显著低于风干组和对照组(P<0.05);3组的pH值均在青贮前5d显著降低(P<0.05),对照组在青贮10d后pH值降低到4.0以下且检测不到霉菌,风干组在青贮20d时检测不到霉菌;青贮50d时,对照组乙酸、乳酸和乳酸菌含量均显著高于两试验组(P<0.05),NDF含量、NH_3-N含量、pH值和酵母菌显著低于两试验组(P<0.05),此时模拟降雨组检测到霉菌,其他两组均未检测到霉菌。因此,青贮时应避免雨淋和风干,蜡熟期去穂玉米青贮时水分为75%较为适宜。     

玉米自交系杂交当代母本籽粒百粒重变化的研究

通过2003～2004年两年的试验，初步进行了玉米自交系杂交当代母本籽粒百粒重变化的分析研究。结果表明，多数组合杂交当代的母本籽粒的百粒重高于自交。     

玉米自交晚代性状变异和直观选择效应

本文研究了3个自交系各12个数量性状,其中EX14L和EX14H是自交S4开始分选的姊妹系,8112是对照系,3个自交系同属中晚熟紧凑型玉米自交系.在所研究的两个姊妹系之间,自交4～7代数量性状的分离和直观选择交应,最显著的是百粒重、株高、雄穗小穗数,其次为行数.复次为果穗结穗叶位和风根层数.因此,对于百粒重、雄穗小穗数和果穗粒行数、果穗结穗叶位和风根层数的选择应大或较大.而穗长、穗周长、行粒数和穗粒数等4个数量性状,两个姊妹之间并无差异,选择效应不大.百粒重、株高、雄穗小穗数和果穗粒行数,它们均属于重要的数量性状,这些性状选择效应大,证明自交系晚代选择对于数量性状改进的重要性。     

利用玉米淀粉生产耐水性无臭胶粘剂的研究

用二元酸与玉米淀粉进行酯化反应，形成半酯化玉米淀粉悬浮液，加入水溶性高聚物作为稳定剂，制成玉米淀粉胶粘剂主剂，调胶时加入工业面粉和异氰酸酯化合物，制得实用玉米淀粉无臭胶粘剂。研究结果表明，用该胶压制的胶合板，符合ＧＢ９８４６.１～１２－８８Ⅱ类胶合板指标要求，并且彻底解决了甲醛公害问题.     

甘肃景泰灌区玉米收籽与收刈青贮临界适期的研究

研究了甘肃景泰灌区玉米灌浆期间籽粒增重和含水量的变化以及不同营养器官不同部位含水量的变化规律。结果表明，籽粒增重过程符合Ｌｏｃｉｓｔｉｃ曲线，籽粒含水量变化符合欠多项式；植株含水量变化随顺官和不同而异，其平均含水量变化地二次多项一普增重曲线方程、灌浆速度方程、植株含水量变化过程及其玉米秸杆青贮所需的适宜含水量进行综合分析，该地区玉米好籽、青贮临界收刈适期为吐丝后３７－４８ｄ。