河南省养鸡及鸡病发生情况调查

通过对河南省16个地市的养鸡及鸡病发生情况调查，发现我省养鸡户(场)中，蛋鸡饲养户(场)占89．32％，肉鸡饲养户(场)占8．63％，其它即特禽饲养户(场)占2．04％。鸡病中，病毒病占60．∞％，细菌病占25％，寄生虫病占8.85％，其它杂病6．12％。从而提出要调整畜牧业结构，稳定发展禽蛋生产，慎重发展特禽养殖，并分析总结了禽病发生的原因与对策。     

四氯联苯对鸡胚生殖新月原始生殖细胞分布的影响

为了探索四氯联苯(2,2′,5,5′)对鸡胚生殖新月原始生殖细胞(PGCs)分布的影响,本试验将四氯联苯注入种蛋的胚盘(第X期)处,在38℃,相对湿度60%,每2h45度转蛋的条件下孵化至原条期,通过不同方法检测原条期生殖新月明区、暗区及血液循环中的PGCs,探讨四氯联苯对胚盘生殖新月区PGCs分布的影响。结果表明,四氯联苯明显降低了原条期明区和血液中PGSs的数量(P<0.01),但对暗区PGCs的数量影响不明显。这说明四氯联苯对血液中PGCs的影响是由于降低了生殖新月明区PGCs的缘故,和暗区的PGCs无相关性。     

雌激素受体在鸡与鹌鹑属间杂交早期胚胎中的差异表达及其作用

旨在研究雌激素受体（ER）与鸡-鹌鹑属间杂交早期胚胎发育、性别分化的关系。人工授精获得鸡（♂）-鹌鹑（♀）杂交种蛋，按照鸡的孵化标准同批入孵，连续采集早期活胚（2．75、3．00、3．25、3．50、3．75、4．00、4．25、4．50、4．75、5．00d），采用RT—PCR法，用Wpkci和β-actin引物进行多重PCR，鉴定早期胚胎性别；之后选取各时间点雌、雄胚胎各4枚，以β-actin为内标，测定ER mRNA相对表达丰度。雌、雄胚胎ER mRNA的发育性变化趋势基本一致，2．75～3．00d表达水平均较高；3．25d雄性表达水平显著降低（P〈0．05），雌性则极显著降低（P〈0．01）；3．50d雌、雄表达水平又回复至较高水平；3．75d二者均极显著降低（P〈0．01），此后一直维持在较低水平。不同日龄间比较，2．75～3．50d雌性ER表达高于雄性，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。杂交胚胎性分化时间大致开始于胚胎发育的第2．75～3．50d，性分化期ER的异常表达可能与胚胎死亡、杂种不育有关，这一结论有待于进一步研究发育同期鸡、鹌鹑胚胎ER的表达及其功能后证实。     

AA~ 种鸡产蛋率、受精率、孵化率的相关分析

对AA 肉用种鸡产蛋周(1～35周)的产蛋率、受精率、孵化率进行跟踪观测并对3个指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:产蛋率与受精率相关系数为0.864(P<0.01);产蛋率与孵化率相关系数为0.900(P<0.01);受精率与孵化率相关系数为0.992(P<0.01),产蛋率与受精率,产蛋率与孵化率,受精率与孵化率三者都呈较强正相关。其中受精率与孵化率相关性最强,产蛋率与孵化率相关性次之,产蛋率与受精率相关性较弱。     

甘肃黄鸡与亚发蛋鸡的杂交效果分析

利用杂交的方式对甘肃黄鸡与亚发商品蛋鸡杂种的３００日龄产蛋量、料蛋比、存活率、淘汰体质量进行了研究。结果表明，黄杂鸡的３００日龄产蛋量比甘肃黄鸡提高了 １０．３３％，料蛋比比甘肃黄鸡低 ０．３９，存活率比甘肃黄鸡提高了 ７. ７８％，淘汰体质量接近 ２.０ ｋｇ。     

日粮高铜对雏鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏420只,随机分为7组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu11mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu100mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu200mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu300mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu400mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu500mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组;Cu600mg/kg,高铜Ⅵ组)6周。结果显示,高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05);高铜Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组雏鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),并与日粮含铜量呈负相关。结果表明,日粮铜含量在400mg/kg及其以上可抑制免疫球蛋白的合成,导致雏鸡体液免疫功能受损。     

Correcting the Expectation of Even Degree of Chicken Body Weight

The even degree of chicken population could be estimated by the coefficient of variation or the percentage of the chicken whose body weights were not higher and lower than average body weight by 15% in the sampling population.In fact,the two indexes were relative to each other.On the basis of analyzing the relationship between the two expectations,the expectations which had been worked out independently were corrected in this paper.     

Salmonella Incidence in Broilers from Breeders Vaccinated with Live and Killed Salmonella

Salmonella reduction in broilers from commercial broiler breeders vaccinated with live and killed Salmonella vaccines was evaluated. Broiler breeders were vaccinated with Poulvac ST live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine at 1 d of age, and this was repeated at 2 and 6 wk of age. The breeders were then administered a killed autogenous oil emulsion adjuvanted vaccine containing Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Hadar, at 10 and 18 wk of age. From the ages of 36 to 52 wk, eggs from the breeder flock were hatched, and progeny were challenged in 4 separate experiments at 1 d of age by oral gavage with 1 × 10⁶ cfu/chick by either Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Hadar, or Salmonella Enteritidis, each containing resistance to naladixic acid at 32 μg/mL. At 17 to 21 d of age, the broilers were euthanized, and 1 side of the cecum was cultured for Salmonella, and the other side of the cecum was used for enumeration on positive samples. Recovered Salmonella was confirmed to be the challenge strain by O-antisera grouping. This study indicated a difference in Salmonella incidence and enumeration between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated breeder groups for certain species. When challenged with serotypes Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Hadar, and Salmonella Heidelberg, protection was noted with a reduction of 28, 17, and 11%, respectively, when compared with the control groups. However, protection was not seen when challenged with S. enteritidis. Under the conditions of this study, live and killed vaccination of commercial broiler breeders with Salmonella contributes protection to progeny when challenged at 1 d of age.     

纳米硒对肉鸡生长、屠宰性能和养分消化率的影响

选用1日龄Avian肉鸡225只,随机分为5个处理组,每组45只,设3个重复,每个重复15只。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加纳米硒(0mg/kg、0.15mg/kg、0.3mg/kg、0.6mg/kg、1.2mg/kg),试验期6周。分别于14、28、42日龄空腹称重,每处理随机抽取9只,每重复3只,屠宰测屠宰性能。结果表明:试验期间,添加纳米硒肉鸡的平均增重、饲料消耗高于对照组(P>0.05)。1~14d、15~28d,纳米硒在0.3~0.6mg/kg的添加水平时肉鸡的料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05);29~42d、1~42d纳米硒在0.15~1.2mg/kg的添加水平肉鸡的料重比极显著的低于对照组(P<0.01)。42d时纳米硒在0.6~1.2mg/kg的添加水平肉鸡的屠宰性能显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。纳米硒在0.3~1.2mg/kg的添加水平肉鸡的养分表观消化率高于对照组(P>0.05)。结论:肉鸡日粮中纳米硒的适宜添加量为0.7~0.8mg/kg。     

Utilization of Rice Starch in the Formulation of Low-Fat,Wheat-Free Chicken Nuggets

Three trials of 6 treatments (rice flour, wet batter baked; rice flour, dry batter baked; rice flour, wet batter fried; wheat flour, wet batter baked; wheat flour, dry batter baked; wheat flour, wet batter fried) were utilized to test the effects of flour type, batter type, and cooking method on the characteristics of chicken nuggets. Value was added to these chicken nuggets by utilizing rice flour in the production of gluten-free products as well as lipid reduction through baking. Added value is attributed to the production of a product that is highly acceptable to certain consumer clusters and has the potential to reach niche markets (wheat-free or low-fat chicken nuggets) that have not previously been targeted in the mainstream portion of the grocery store. Consumers were clustered into 6 population segments revealing that all 6 treatments were acceptable to some segment of the population. Baking instead of frying reduced fat calories by at least 67%. This reveals the feasibility of using rice flour in the formulation of low-fat or wheat-free chicken nuggets without diminishing quality and the added value component of usability by people who either require a low-fat diet, have celiac disease, or both.