几种经济红藻中茉莉酸合成途径的关键物质

为研究几种经济红藻中茉莉酸合成途径的关键物质,实验采用液相色谱—质谱联用技术(LC-MS)对茉莉酸生物合成途径相关物质建立检测方法,并对龙须菜、坛紫菜受到机械损伤时各物质的变化情况进行检测。以100%甲醇提取茉莉酸(JA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、12-氧-植物二烯酸(12-OPDA)和13-氢过氧化亚麻酸(13-HpOTE),利用XBridge TM C18色谱柱,以甲醇/水为流动相分离4种物质。优化条件下4种物质得到良好分离,加标回收率为81.23%～90.25%,检测限为0.04～0.56 ng/mL,灵敏度高。坛紫菜、龙须菜和真江蓠3种红藻中,坛紫菜中未检测到JA和13-HpOTE,4种物质均在另外2种藻中检测到。龙须菜受机械损伤胁迫后,4种物质在短时间内得到积累,其中13-HpOTE响应迅速。研究表明,红藻中可能存在类似于植物的茉莉酸合成途径,并参与对损伤的胁迫响应。     

花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响

盆栽条件下，以耐冷性不同的2个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种龙稻5（耐冷型）和龙粳11（冷敏型）为材料，于开花期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃，分别持续1，2，3，4，5 d）处理，研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明：低温处理2 d时，龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%，差异达极显著水平；低温处理3 d后，龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%，与CK相比差异达到显著水平；低温处理1 d后，龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%，与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量，处理5 d时各指标达最大值，与CK相比，龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，处理3 d时酶活性达最大值，龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述，开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高，但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害；开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低，耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。     

硝化应激在神经型犬瘟热疾病发展中的临床意义

为了研究硝化应激在神经型犬瘟热疾病发展中的作用,并探讨其对该病的诊断价值,选取犬瘟热临床病例113例,其中有神经症状组(NCD)共37例,无神经症状组(NNS)共76例,并设25例无犬瘟热健康犬作为对照组(CG)。就诊时分别采取血液和脑脊液,测定一氧化氮(NO)、神经元型一氧化氮合成酶(nNOS)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平。结果显示:NCD组2种组织液中的NO、nNOS和NSE升高,显著高于NNS组(P<0.05)与CG组(P<0.01);ROC曲线分析发现,2种组织液中的NO、nNOS和NSE对神经型犬瘟热的诊断具有良好的灵敏度和特异性,血浆中以nNOS最佳,截断值为230.1 ng/mL,脑脊液中以NSE最佳,截断值为3.67 ng/mL;NSE对神经型犬瘟热具有一定预后价值,血浆中NSE<2.07的病例死亡率显著低于NSE≥2.07的病例。结果表明:神经型犬瘟热疾病发展中伴有硝化应激和神经损伤,血浆与脑脊液中的NO、nNOS和NSE具有对神经型犬瘟热的诊断及预测作用。     

我国蔬菜作物耐低温性研究进展

低温胁迫是蔬菜生产过程中的主要逆境因子，对蔬菜作物的生长发育、商品产量形成影响极大。本文综述了蔬菜作物耐低温性的遗传模型、生理调节和分子机制，展望了蔬菜作物耐低温性的研究前景。     

Ellagic acid attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by alleviating autophagy

AIM:To investigate whether ellagic acid (EA) attenuates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by down-regulating autophagy. METHODS:In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats (n=17) were randomly divided into 3 groups:5 rats for sham group, 6 rats for HIE group and 6 rats for HIE+EA pretreatment group. The rats in HIE+EA pretreatment group were treated with EA (10 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg, suspended in corn oil, ig). After 24 h of operation, the rats from each group were sacrificed and their brains were collected. TTC staining and HE staining were used to define the infarct areas and brain structure. The autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, P62, LC3-Ⅱ/-I and Atg5 in the cortex in each group were compared by Western blot. In vitro, PC12 cells were divided into 3 groups:control group, CoCl₂ group and CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group. CoCl₂ at 800 μmol/L was added to the PC12 cells to induce an anoxic environment. The PC12 cells were pretreated with EA at 8 μmol/L and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the cells was detected by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. MDC staining and TMRE staining were applied to reflect the extent of autophagy and the state of apoptosis, respectively. The autophagy-related proteins in PC12 cells were also investigated. RESULTS:In HIE group, 7-day-old rats were given the operations and the their large infarct areas in the hemisphere were observed by TTC staining. HE staining displayed the injured hemispheres which contained few neurons, and exhibited edema status and serious structural damage. EA pretreatment decreased the infarct area and alleviated the damage to hemisphere with more visible neurons, compared with HIE group. Compared with sham group, the levels of autophagy-related proteins Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in the cortex were increased (P<0.01), and P62 protein expression was decreased (P<0.01) in HIE group. Compared with HIE group, the protein expression of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I was decreased (P<0.01) and P62 protein expression was increased in HIE+EA pretreatment group (P<0.01). In vitro, compared with CoCl₂ group, the PC12 cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group showed a lower ROS level. Moreover, the cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group exhibited higher mitochondrial membrane potential than that in CoCl₂ group. MDC staining in CoCl₂ group showed high value of fluorescence and increased number of autophagosomes. EA pretreatment reduced the number of autophagosomes and the extent of autophagy to protect PC12 cells. Furthermore, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in CoCl₂ group were higher (P<0.01), and the protein expression of P62 was lower (P<0.01) than those in control group. In CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I were decreased (P<0.01) and the protein expression of P62 was increased as compared with CoCl₂ group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:EA pretreatment attenuates autophagy to protect the neurons against HIE injury.     

盐碱交互胁迫对生姜产量和品质的影响及其数学模型的建立

采用二次饱和D- 最优设计，研究营养液pH 与盐交互胁迫对生姜产量和品质的影响，建立了以pH、盐水平为变量因子，生姜产量和品质为目标函数的二元二次数学模型。模型解析表明，pH 与盐水平对生姜的产量和品质存在显著的交互效应，盐水平为产量的主效应因子，pH 为品质的主效应因子。较低水平的pH 变化对生姜产量无显著影响，当pH 升至7.70时，生姜产量随pH 升高呈快速下降趋势；随盐含量的升高，生姜产量持续降低。随pH 的升高，生姜品质呈缓慢降低的趋势；盐含量在低于77.91 mmol · L^-1 时，生姜品质随盐含量的增加而升高，之后则随盐含量的增加而降低。     

Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.     

Protective and defensive roles of non-glandular trichomes against multiple stresses:structure-function coordination

As superficial structures,non-glandular trichomes,protect plant organs against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.The protective and defensive roles of these epidermal appendages are crucial to developing organs and can be attributed to the excellent combination of suitable structural traits and chemical reinforcement in the form of phenolic compounds,primarily fl avonoids.Both the formation of trichomes and the accumulation of phenolics are interrelated at the molecular level.During the early stages of development,non-glandular trichomes show strong morphological similarities to glandular ones such as the balloon-like apical cells with numerous phenolics.At later developmental stages,and during secondary wall thickening,phenolics are transferred to the cell walls of the trichomes.Due to the diff use deposition of phenolics in the cell walls,trichomes provide protection against UV-B radiation by behaving as optical fi lters,screening out wavelengths that could damage sensitive tissues.Protection from strong visible radiation is also aff orded by increased surface light refl ectance.Moreover,the mixtures of trichome phenolics represent a superfi-cial chemical barrier that provides protection against biotic stress factors such as herbivores and pathogens.Although the cells of some trichomes die at maturity,they can modulate their quantitative and qualitative characteristics during development,depending on the prevailing conditions of the external biotic or abiotic environment.In fact,the structure and chemical constituents of trichomes may change due to the particular light regime,herbivore damage,wounding,water stress,salinity and the presence of heavy metals.Hence,trichomes represent dynamic protective structures that may greatly aff ect the outcome of many plant–environment interactions.     

金花茶对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性分析

为探究金花茶幼苗对低温胁迫的生理响应及其耐寒性,本研究以2 a生金花茶幼苗为材料,进行6~-9℃低温胁迫处理,测定了细胞伤害率(CIR)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、束缚水(BW)/自由水(FW)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)等指标,并进行了低温半致死温度(LT₅₀)和抗寒生理指标相关性分析。结果表明,3~12 h的低温LT₅₀为-6.62~-3.94℃,且随着时间的延长而升高。随着温度的降低, CIR、SS含量及POD、CAT活性总体呈上升趋势, BW/FW、MDA、Pro含量呈先上升后下降趋势, SOD活性总体呈下降趋势;随着胁迫时间的延长,CIR含量呈上升趋势,3~-9℃的SOD活性、0~-9℃的POD活性、-6~-9℃的BW/FW比值呈下降趋势,6~-6℃的SS含量变化较小,-9℃的SS含量呈下降趋势。相关性分析表明,CIR可作为耐寒性鉴定的主要指标,BW、SS、SOD、POD、CAT可作为辅助指标。本研究结果为金花茶引种区域和耐寒性鉴定指标的确定提供了理论依据。