胶霉毒素菌渣的抗菌活性及其应用的研究

旨在研究胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌的抑制性,寻找到一种胶霉菌素菌渣的综合利用方法。以辣椒炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、油菜菌核病菌和棉花枯萎病菌为供试菌,采用菌丝生长速率法,对胶霉毒素菌渣的抑菌活性进行了研究,并比较了10%菌渣、10%豆粕、无豆粕和菌渣的培养基对木霉孢子和胶霉毒素含量的影响。以木霉干重孢子数为指标,确定了菌渣最佳添加量。胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌具有一定的抑菌效果,浓度为40 mg/mL时,对4种土传病菌菌丝的生长的抑制率为100%。胶霉毒素菌渣添加量为30%时,木霉的发酵效果最佳,其干重孢子数达到22亿/g。综上所述,胶霉毒素菌渣具有良好的抑制土传病菌生长的效果,且可作为氮源循环利用培养木霉。     

不同耕作方式玉米田土壤病原菌数量分布与病害相关性研究

采用平板混菌法对土壤病原菌进行分离，研究不同耕作方式玉米田土壤病原菌数量分布与病害相关性。结果表明，保护性耕作田的致病菌数量较常规农田有较大幅度提高，并随耕作年限的延长而增加。保护性耕作土壤真菌种类主要分为4大类，其数量由多到少排序为曲霉菌>串珠镰刀菌>腐霉菌>禾谷镰刀菌。分离到的玉米病原菌种类主要是串珠镰刀菌、腐霉菌和禾谷镰刀菌，其数量分布为串珠镰刀菌>腐霉菌>禾谷镰刀菌。保护性耕作田中的玉米苗期病害发生程度重于常规农田，随保护性耕作年限的延长病害呈明显加重趋势。保护性耕作方式能加重玉米茎腐病的发生程度，但有减轻玉米丝黑穗病发生的趋势。     

长春花感染橡胶丛枝病原后几项生理参数的变化

长春花感染橡胶丛枝病原后，叶片的生理参数发生变化：（１）蛋白质、氨基酸、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量下降；（２）光合速率下降、呼吸速率上升；（３）脯氨酸含量下降、纤维素酶活性上升；（４）过氧化物酶活性下降、同工酶谱发生变化；（５）相对透性增加；（６）蛋白质凝胶电泳谱带发生变化，其中染色最深的一个主要谱带，推测是催化ＣＯ２固定的二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶蛋白带，随病情加重而明显减弱。     

管材对给水管附生生物膜微生物分布的影响

结合微生物学传统培养和分子生物学现代技术,分析了无规聚丙烯(Po lypropy lene R andom,PPR)管、镀锌钢管和铜管3种室内给水管附生生物膜微生物群落。结果表明,在以上3种管道上发育1年的附生生物膜中,分别有6种、5种和3种优势异养菌被分离出来;α变形杆菌纲优势异养菌所占比例在PPR管、镀锌钢管和铜管附生生物膜中依次增加,而β变形杆菌纲和放线菌纲优势异养菌所占比例则依次减小;镀锌钢管和PPR管附生生物膜中均存在作为优势异养菌的机会病原体,而铜管附生生物膜中则未分离出作为优势异养菌的机会病原体。     

Advancement of noble metallic nanoparticles in agriculture: A promising future

Since the last decades, nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers in the field of plant sciences. The characteristics of nanoparticles are reliant on their shape and size. Formulations involving noble metallic nanoparticles(NMNPs) offer novel technologies to boost agricultural productivity and minimize conventional pesticide use. The application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer improves plant growth and enhances nutrient uptake efficiency. Noble metallic nanoparticles act as antim...     

小麦-小麦锈菌互作中相互识别的研究进展

寄主-病原物互作是当今植物病理学研究的热点领域,而两者互作中的识别则是研究的重点。小麦锈病作为植物病理学研究中的经典病害,小麦-锈菌相互识别的研究已达到很深的程度。本文从分子水平、细胞水平、组织水平及识别物质方面论述了小麦-小麦锈菌互作中相互识别的研究进展,并对两者识别的研究方向进行了展望。     

Effects of crop rotation and granular nematicides on the incidence ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. andColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes,in potato

Summary The incidence ofVerticillium dahliae andColletotrichum coccodes was studied in a crop rotation experiment on sandy soil from 1983 to 1986. Early in the growing season the percentage of stems infected byV. dahliae increased with increasing cropping frequency of potato, depending on the cropping sequence, and decreased with the application of granular nematicides. However, later in the growing season the initial differences decreased.C. coccodes infections of stems were not affected by these factors. The percentage of plants infected byV. dahliae closely correlated with the percentage of plants with wilt symptoms but this relationship was absent forC. coccodes. Early in the growing season, the more vigorous the plants, the greater the level ofV. dahliae infection. Soil infestation withV. dahliae increased with increasing cropping frequency of potato but was not affected by annual applications of granular nematicides.     

玉米茎腐病菌致病因子对玉米超微结构的影响

玉米茎腐病菌(Fusariumgramimearum和Pythumaphanidermatum)在玉米活体内和活体外均能产生一系列具有明显致病作用的细胞壁降解酶和毒素。通过电子显微镜对分离出的细胞壁降解酶和毒素进行致病性观察。结果表明,细胞壁降解酶能降解玉米根细胞壁,毒素能损伤玉米胚根细胞膜及亚细胞器的结构。     

Synergistic interactions betweenRhizoctonia solani Kühn,Verticillium dahliae Kleb.,Meloidogyne spp. andPratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Chitwood & Oteifa,in potato

Summary Samples of a sandy soil and a marine clay soil sterilized by steam were put in 55-1 containers insulated with polystyrene and placed outdoors on a brick pavement. Sandy soil was infested singly or in all possible combinations with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the fungiRhizoctonia solani andVerticillium dahliae, and the marine clay soil was infested with the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus neglectus and the same fungi to evaluate the effects of these organisms on the yield of potato. The experiments were carried out from 1983 to 1986. Tuber yield was reduced by single infestations of theMeloidogyne spp. andV. dahliae but not significantly byR. solani orP. neglectus. A three-factor interaction: nematode ×R. solani × V. dahliae was found in both experiments.R. solani andV. dahliae showed significant synergistic effects when soil was infested with theMeloidogyne spp. orP. neglectus.