Assessing Knowledge Production for Agrosilvopastoral Systems in South America

In recent decades agroforestry has undergone significant development in Latin America. South America generates the most scientific research on the topic in the region. We conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of knowledge production for South American agroforestry that includes livestock grazing, known as agrosilvopastoralism (AS), examining how different sociopolitical factors such as sources of funding, institutional priorities, and international cooperation can bias the direction and objectives of scientific research. We assessed the major attributes of scientific publications on the topic (25 articles per country; overall n = 210) and the potential factors underlying the processes of research and development in the region. The tree component was the most studied, while the livestock component received less attention. Studies were mainly focused on the production of goods and services (monetary or nonmonetary approaches), except in Brazil, where conservation was the major study objective. Stakeholders were involved in more than half of the studies (60%), and they were mostly ranchers and local producers. More than half (70%) of the studies offered recommendations based on their results, and such recommendations were mostly concerned with the management of agrosilvopastoral system components. In general, studies were led just as often by local as foreign first authors and coauthored by more than three people as part of interinstitutional working groups. Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile had more frequent cooperation among institutions and countries but mainly used their own funding. In contrast, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru had almost 100% of their studies supported by foreign countries (North America and Europe). Countries with greater internal funding of research generated more long-term studies. Besides this, two clear trends were detected: 1) conservation and social aspects were mainly supported by sources from external countries led by foreign principal investigators, and 2) production issues were supported from sources within countries and supported high levels of cooperation among institutions.     

基于专利分析视角的浙江省污水治理技术态势研究

以专利之星为数据源,对浙江省2008—2017年污水治理领域专利申请年代、技术领域、权利人及区域分布进行分析,并对技术生命周期、专利核心技术区、权利人组织类型、区域专利优势技术进行了深入研究。结果表明,浙江省污水治理技术处于技术生命周期的快速发展期,污水治理领域专利核心技术高度集中,主要覆盖C02F 9/14、C02F 9/04和C02F 9/02等12种IPC技术分支。受技术力量与产业政策等因素影响,浙江省污水治理优势技术区域差异较大。     

乳腺癌(乳岩)古今文献用药规律数据挖掘

目的 为全面系统地了解古今中医文献中乳腺癌（乳岩）的用药规律,总结有效治疗措施指导临床实践。方法 将相关中医文献经过数据整理后建立乳腺癌文献信息标准数据库集,并在数据整理的基础上采用Clementine 12.0进行用药关联规则分析,得出古今中医文献中关于乳腺癌的用药规律,并运用SPSS 19.0进行文献中所用药物的使用频数/频率进行聚类分析。结果 治疗乳腺癌出现频次排名前五的药物类别由多到少依次为理气药 > 活血药 > 补阳药 > 滋阴药 > 化痰药。理气药常与活血药、补阳药、滋阴药、化痰药合用。结论 乳腺癌治疗以理气化瘀药为主,联合应用化痰药、补阳药、滋阴药的用药规律切合临床实际,值得推广应用。     

从文献分析看国内都市农业研究进展

为定量分析出国内都市农业研究的主要人物、研究领域、研究机构及研究层次,明确各年研究的重点、热点等情况。利用《中文科技期刊全文数据库》等检索工具,采用文献计量法,对国内1989— 2014年学术刊物上发表的2502篇都市农业研究文献进行统计分析。发现25年来都市农业发展研究涉及40个学科领域,主要发表在40种期刊上,以社会科学研究数量最多达2082篇,研究人员主要源于高校、科研院所、政府及其职能部门,以期对国内都市农业的进一步研究和学科发展指明方向。     

槲皮素药代动力学与生物活性的研究进展

槲皮素(quercetin, QCT)是一种主要存在于水果、蔬菜、草本植物中的黄酮类化合物,近年来广受关注。本研究就2007—2016 年QCT的文献分布情况进行了初步分析,发现发文量总体呈递增趋势;并对其药代动力学以及抗癌、抗肥胖、抗阿尔茨海默病、抗抑郁和免疫调节等生物活性的研究进展进行了综述,以期为QCT的深入研究和进一步开发利用提供参考。     

中国农业节水灌溉技术推广研究进展

旨在梳理当前应用于中国农业节水中的灌溉技术,为中国发展高效节水农业奠定理论基础。应用文献计量法,以中国知网数据库为原始文献来源,高级检索“主题”=“节水灌溉技术”、“并含”=“推广”、时间为2006—2015年、分析所获得900篇文献的发表年份与期刊分布。结果表明,当前中国农业节水灌溉技术处于深入发展与不断探索阶段,在推广应用方面迅速发展。微灌、喷灌、膜下滴灌技术的适用性较强,应用较为广泛。最后,归纳中国农业节水灌溉技术存在的问题并提出相应的解决对策。     

文献检索课教学实践探讨

从巧妙设计教学内容、采用实物、实例、实习,分层次教学、互动式教学、课程考核等方面探讨文献检索课教学工作的实践与经验。     

地方文献的开发与利用

地方文献见证了地方发展的历史,是了解地方历史、了解地方文化的重要参考,具有很高的使用价值。另外,地方文献不仅对当地的文化建设有着重要意义,还对当地的经济和政治建设起着促进作用。文章通过对地方文献的简单介绍,分析了开发与利用地方文献的重要意义,并通过分析当前图书馆对地方文献的开发与利用状况,提出了几点完善措施,希望能对地方文献的开发与利用工作起到一定的帮助作用。     

The depiction of soil profiles since the late 1700s

Artists have depicted soils in paintings since medieval times, and most landscape and soil paintings were made in the eighteenth century. The systematic study of soils started later and soil science was dominated by agricultural chemistry for most of the nineteenth century. Since the late 1800s soil profile drawings, paintings and photographs have been depicted in hundreds of textbooks. This paper traces the depiction of soil profiles in the scientific literature from the late 1700. The first soil profile depictions were simple diagrams illustrating different layers and soil processes. Photographs started to appear in textbooks at the end of the nineteenth century. In the 1950s, several books contained water paintings and from the 1970s onwards textbooks had colour photographs. Soil profile depictions were merely used to illustrate different orders in a classification system. Since the 1990s, efforts have been made to depict the soil profile in 3D. The overall trends and pattern found in this analysis not only reflect the technical ability to depict soils (e.g. camera, printing techniques) but also reflect the state of knowledge on the key properties and processes that have formed a soil.     

抗冻蛋白和冰核蛋白对植物抗冻性能的作用机制

植物抗冻蛋白是避免植物寒害冻害发生的重要物质,相对而言,极地的鱼类和昆虫的抗冻蛋白具有低热滞活性和高重结晶抑制活性的特征.冰核活性蛋白是由冰核活性细菌、真菌或昆虫合成的生物冰核剂,降温初期可提高水溶液的冰核形成的温度,温度过低时可降低水的过冷却点.比较分析了抗冻蛋白和冰核蛋白的生物学特性、蛋白特征及其对水分子固液两相间变化的调控机制,这对于揭示植物抗冻性能的复杂的作用机制和植物抗冻基因工程应用的研究有着重要的意义.