富硒蚯蚓的培养及其硒富集作用研究

以赤子爱胜蚓为生物载体,在蚯蚓饲料中添加亚硒酸钠进行富硒蚯蚓培养试验,利用蚯蚓的生物富集作用将无机硒转化为有机硒。以存活率、硒含量为优化指标,研究5种硒浓度(20、40、60、80、100 mg·kg-1)和4种培养时间(第15、30、45、60 d)对蚯蚓生长和硒含量的影响规律,筛选存活率高、硒含量高、培养时间短的富硒蚯蚓培养方法。试验结果表明:蚯蚓饲料中亚硒酸钠含量越高、培养时间越长,蚯蚓的存活率越低,硒含量越高,且当硒添加量为80 mg·kg-1,培养时间为45 d时,培养条件最优,此时蚯蚓体内硒含量可达33.25 mg·kg-1。     

穴养蚯蚓对四季蜜芒树生长发育的影响

为揭示蚯蚓对四季蜜芒营养水平和生长发育的影响,2005~2006年在广西百色国家农业科技园区四季蜜芒示范园开展四季蜜芒树盘下穴养蚯蚓试验研究。结果表明:蚯蚓处理能显著促进四季蜜芒树冠的扩大、增加末级梢总数、增加叶片量。蚯蚓处理试验株树冠冠径是对照的1.2倍,枝条末级梢总数和叶片量是对照的2.2倍。     

蚯蚓活动对铜尾矿复垦地土壤氮的影响

在室内恒温（20℃）培养1个月后,研究了蚯蚓活动对铜尾矿复垦地土壤碱解氮和全氮的影响。实验分别设置荩草和小飞蓬2种植被土的4种处理：①不接种蚯蚓、不添加秸秆的对照（S）;②仅接种蚯蚓（E）;③仅添加秸秆（O）;④接种蚯蚓、添加秸秆（OE）,各重复3个。试验结果显示：无论是否添加秸秆,在矿区复垦地接种蚯蚓（E,0E）可显著提高土壤中碱解氮的含量（P〈0．05）。荩草接种蚯蚓（E）碱解氮含量是对照（S）的1．10倍,小飞蓬接种蚯蚓（E）碱解氮含量是对照（S）的1．06倍;在矿区复垦地接种蚯蚓（E,OE）可显著提高土壤中全氮的含量（声〈0．05）。荩草接种蚯蚓（E）全氮含量是对照（S）的1．5倍,小飞蓬接种蚯蚓（E）全氮含量是对照（S）的1．04倍;接种蚯蚓后,各个处理的氮素矿化速率均为正值,并显著高于（P〈0．05）原土样,蚯蚓活动在不同的植被下对土壤氮的影响不同。     

Earthworm (Eudrillus euginae) multiplication through variable substrates

Three hundred adult healthy earthworms ( Eudrillus euginae ) ranging length and weight from 14–29 cm (mean 21.5 ± 6.8 cm) to 1.6–3.0 g (mean 2.55 ± 1.1 g), respectively, were cultured in three different substrate for 70 days. The substrates were soil alone, (control T-1), cow ( Bos taurus ) dung and water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) (1 : 1 T-2), and partially dried neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaves with kitchen waste (1 : 1 T-3). The earthworms were grown in these substrates in a wooden chamber (0.8 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m) and these were subjected to monitoring for various growth patterns (length, biomass, number) at every fortnight (five observations) interval. The observations showed that T-2 was the best among the three treatments used. There was significant difference ( P  < 0.05) between the mean values of growth efficiency in food conversion among the treatments. However, there was no significant difference ( P  > 0.05) between the mean values of survival rate of earthworm among different treatments.     

不同添料频率对蚯蚓堆肥的影响

为探讨蚯蚓堆肥时适宜的添料频率，通过饲养试验研究了7种添料频率对蚯蚓生长及基质养分的影响。结果表明：添料频率为7 d一次的处理组中能获得最高的蚯蚓体重，蚯蚓平均体重达到0.138 7 g·条-1。同时，该处理中基质总有机碳含量最低，总氮、总磷、速效磷和铵态氮含量最高。添料频率会影响蚯蚓生长和堆肥效果，最佳的添料频率为7 d一次。     

蚯蚓和食用菌废渣对土壤的综合改良作用

将食用菌废渣按不同比例加入土壤中（废菌渣∶土壤分别为0∶5、1∶5、2∶5、3∶5、4∶5和5∶5）,并放入蚯蚓,以此研究食用菌废渣和蚯蚓对土壤改良效果。结果表明,食用菌废渣和蚯蚓在培肥土壤和改善土壤结构中发挥重要作用,土壤中的有机质、全氮和全钾的含量得到增加,土壤团粒结构和容重等理化性质得到良好改变,并且随着废渣比例的增加,改良效果呈上升趋势。     

蚯蚓肽对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

通过用不同剂量的蚯蚓肽(EP)对健康和免疫抑制小鼠灌胃15 d,观察EP对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应,巨噬细胞细胞毒效应以及巨噬细胞和脾细胞产生NO的影响,以探讨EP对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。试验发现0.1,0.5 mg/mL组明显提高淋巴细胞增殖率,增强巨噬细胞细胞毒效应,提高巨噬细胞和脾细胞分泌NO的水平(P<0.0l),0.5 mg/mL明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能(P<0.01)。结果表明:一定剂量下,EP具有调节免疫功能、拮抗环磷酰胺引起的免疫抑制的作用。     

Assessing significant harm to terrestrial ecosystems from contaminated land

Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystem risk assessment remains in its infancy by comparison with the aquatic discipline, yet it is advancing quickly in response to increasing concerns surrounding soil quality and the sustainable use of soil. Several international frameworks have been developed during the last decade to aid decision-makers as the need for scientifically derived tools for determining ecological risk from land contamination has been recognized. From the regulatory viewpoint, the priority is establishing what to protect in order to prevent ecological harm. This is a complex issue requiring clear objectives in a risk assessment context. The most important factor in assessing ecological harm is whether or not ecosystem function is altered as a result of land contamination and, if it is, judging the significance. A consensus is developing that ecological risk assessment should aim to protect populations rather than individuals. This paper critically reviews recent developments in risk assessment for terrestrial ecosystems and land contamination in the UK, with emphasis on deriving a measure of ecological harm to assess ecosystem function. We seek to further justify the use of earthworms as a favoured indicator species for protecting ecological function. Guidance on how to measure harm in relation to ecological function is, however, still lacking.     

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蚯蚓毒性与安全评价研究

按照“化学农药环境安全评价试验准则”的规定,测定了2种常用农药毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蚯蚓的毒性。结果表明：对蚯蚓的LC50(7d)毒死蜱为89．25mg／kg,甲氰菊酯为142．4mg／kg;LC50(14d)毒死蜱为83．63mg／kg,甲氰菊酯为36．41mg／kg。供试2种农药对蚯蚓的毒性均为低毒。     

蚯蚓-菌根相互作用对Cd污染土壤中速效养分及植物生长的影响

以灰化土(Aquods)为供试土壤,分别加入4个浓度的Cd2 (0、5、10、20mg·kg-1)模拟土壤污染,设置每钵接种8条蚯蚓(Pheretimasp.)、接种菌根(InoculumEndorize-Mix2)和同时接种蚯蚓和菌根的处理,以不加蚯蚓和菌根为对照,并种植黑麦草(Loliummultiflorum),研究蚯蚓菌根相互作用对Cd污染土壤中速效养分和黑麦草生长的影响。结果表明,在供试土壤上和设定的浓度范围内,菌根浸染率不受添加Cd浓度的影响,平均浸染率为22%,加入蚯蚓能使菌根的侵染率提高9%。在Cd污染的土壤上,引进蚯蚓显著增加了黑麦草地上部的生物量,接种菌根对黑麦草地上部分产量没有明显影响,同时接种蚯蚓和菌根与只接种蚯蚓相比没有显著差异。只接种蚯蚓或菌根均能显著提高土壤中速效N、P的含量,而对速效K的含量无显著影响。菌根与蚯蚓并不存在着增加土壤中速效N、P、K的协同作用。蚯蚓、菌根均能增加黑麦草对N、P的吸收,同时接种蚯蚓和菌根促进了黑麦草对N的吸收,但没有促进对P的吸收。不论只接种蚯蚓或菌根,还是同时接种蚯蚓和菌根均不能促进黑麦草对K的吸收。