降低营养液Mn（2＋）·Cu（2＋）和Zn（2＋）浓度对冷胁迫嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性的影响

[目的]研究低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液育苗对嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量,冷胁迫下SOD及其同工酶活性及电解质渗漏率的影响。[方法]用含有低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗,然后进行冷处理。[结果]降低营养液Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋浓度,嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性降低,电解质渗漏率增大,其中以Mn2＋浓度降低对SOD活性和电解质渗漏率的影响最大,Cu2＋次之,Zn2＋影响最小。[结论]可以通过改变营养液中Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋含量进而改变黄瓜的抗冷性。     

Preparation and study of an environmentally friendly seed-coating agent for cucumber

Traditional seed-coating agents are widely used, and their accumulative toxicity in soil brings a great hazard to natural environment and human health. In this study, a novel cucumber seed-coating agent was prepared from natural polysaccharide, fertilizer and microelement, etc. Results indicated that the agent had an excellent control effect on pests and increased yield by 8.5% to 9.3%, while the material cost was decreased by 16.7% compared with the traditional toxic seed-coating agent. In addition, the toxicity of the novel agent was also lower than that of traditional ones. Therefore, the application of the novel agent for cucumber is an appropriate option for controlling pests and replacing high toxicity ones.     

‘北京截头’×西双版纳黄瓜重组自交系群体重要农艺性状的遗传分析

利用‘北京截头’黄瓜×西双版纳黄瓜产生的永久性重组自交系(RIL)群体124个株系,对其苗期株高、第一雌花节位、第一分枝节位、初级分枝数、瓜长、瓜把长、瓜横径、瓜肉厚、瓜腔直径和单瓜重等10个重要农艺性状进行方差分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析以及通径分析。结果表明:这些性状在重组自交系群体中均存在双向超亲分离,分布频率大致接近正态分布。10个农艺性状在双亲之间均存在显著或极显著差异。瓜长和瓜横径均与单瓜重具有极显著相关关系,并解释了单瓜重89.0%的表型变异。瓜横径和瓜肉厚对单瓜重的通径分析与相关分析结果之间存在较大差异,表明通径分析更有利于解释性状之间的内在关系。     

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.     

黄瓜保鲜技术研究进展

对黄瓜保鲜技术的理化、多糖及中草药贮藏方法进行了综述,提出了理化贮藏方法和中草药贮藏方法的不足,阐述了天然多糖在黄瓜保鲜中的应用,讨论了今后的主要研究方向。     

降低营养液Mn2+·Cu2+和Zn2+浓度对冷胁迫嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性的影响

[目的]研究低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液育苗对嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量,冷胁迫下SOD及其同工酶活性及电解质渗漏率的影响。[方法]用含有低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗,然后进行冷处理。[结果]降低营养液Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋浓度,嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性降低,电解质渗漏率增大,其中以Mn2＋浓度降低对SOD活性和电解质渗漏率的影响最大,Cu2＋次之,Zn2＋影响最小。[结论]可以通过改变营养液中Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋含量进而改变黄瓜的抗冷性。     

大蒜对日光温室黄瓜生长及土壤生物学特性的影响

利用盆栽试验研究大蒜干样还田后,对日光温室黄瓜生长及土壤生化特性的影响。结果表明:添加大蒜干样后,显著增加黄瓜植株的鲜重,且与添加量成正比;在黄瓜的整个生长期,增加了细菌和放线菌的数量。当结果期大蒜的添加量为3.0%时,减少了真菌和镰刀菌的数量,并提高了土壤B/F(细菌+放线菌/真菌)值,优化了土壤微生物区系;而随着黄瓜的生长,促进黄瓜幼苗期根际土壤多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、尿酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。当结果期大蒜添加量大于2.0%时,对4种土壤酶具有显著的促进作用,使土壤环境有利于黄瓜生长。     

脉冲负压处理对黄瓜敌敌畏农药残留脱除效果的影响

采用脉冲负压处理技术,以黄瓜中敌敌畏农药残留为研究对象,探究负压强度、温度以及处理时间对黄瓜中敌敌畏农药残留脱除效果的影响,确定最佳脱除条件;利用高效液相色谱探寻黄瓜中敌敌畏农药残留的检测方法。结果表明：黄瓜敌敌畏农药脱除的最佳处理条件为：脉冲负压强度96 kPa,温度35℃,处理时间30 min;该条件下,黄瓜中的敌...     

黄瓜品系649卫星搭载后的遗传变异研究

以稳定黄瓜品系649为试材,经"实践8号"返回式育种卫星太空搭栽诱变后,与地面保留的对照进行田间对比试验,考察了卫星搭载后黄瓜649 SP0～SP2与对照的遗传变异情况.结果表明,在SP0代只有果实形状和果色发生变异,64个变异株系中只有部分变异遗传到SP1,SP1代在农艺性状上表现强烈的广谱变异,大部分变异能遗传到S...     

LED光源不同光质对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响

采用发光二极管((1ight-emitting diode,LED)光源,以白色荧光灯为对照,研究红光、蓝光、红蓝组合光(R/B=9∶1、8∶2,7∶3、6∶4、5∶5)对黄瓜幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:单一红蓝光处理下黄瓜幼苗生长不良,红蓝组合光处理的黄瓜幼苗在生长、色素合成较单一红蓝光有明显的优势.红光...