母猪妊娠早期血液中差异表达蛋白的鉴定

为了研究母猪妊娠早期外周血液中蛋白质的表达情况,寻找潜在的母猪妊娠早期生物标志物,本试验采集了 8头健康、生产表现正常且体况相近的配种后15 d妊娠与非妊娠的长大二元经产母猪外周血液,分离蛋白,利用iTRAQ技术及生物信息学方法筛选与胚胎附植相关的差异表达蛋白,用ELISA验证其表达情况,并进行ROC曲线分析.结果显示...     

Assessment of the effects of confinement in the spider crab Maja brachydactyla Blass, 1922 broodstock

Adults from spider crab, Maja brachydactyla, Balss, 1922 were kept in captivity for up to 2 years. Haemolymph of ten females was extracted monthly for monitoring several metabolites and the presence of Vibrionacea bacteria. A neurotoxic marker and hepatic metabolic and digestive enzyme capacities were contrasted between wild specimens and those reared in captivity. As a result, no differences were observed in hepatosomatic index (HSI) between males and females, but captive animals presented lower HSI than the wild ones. After 2 years of confinement, no changes in quantities of haemolymph microflora and metabolites were observed and this was considered indicative of adaptation of the broodstock to confinement. Spider crab also showed a large plasticity in their hepatopancreatic digestive capabilities suggested by the adaptation to the food supplied in captivity. Moreover, captivity conditions did not seem to negatively alter their antioxidant defences, xenobiotic capacity or neuromuscular activity, as no enhanced oxidative stress damage was shown in either males or females. These results indicate that although the confinement conditions used in this study do not mimic those from the wild, they could be considered as adequate for rearing M. brachydactyla in captivity, at least with regard to the set of parameters assessed.     

Proteomics discovery of protein biomarkers linked to yak meat tenderness as determined by label-free mass spectrometry

Tenderness is one of the most important qualities in meat. A proteomic approach is a suitable way to ensure meat tenderness. Thirty-six tenderloin samples from yak were classified as exhibiting high (n = 12) or low (n = 12) tenderness and were evaluated using label-free proteomics for the identification of the proteins and pathways most influential in tenderness variability. Between the two groups, proteomic changes were mainly caused by 33 differentially expressed proteins as displayed in reference patterns in heat maps. The expression of ENO2, SUCLG2, ETFDH, PGM1, TNNT3, TNNT1, HSDL2, GPI, ALAD, and COL1A1 proteins was very different between yak meats with high and low tenderness, and therefore, they are candidate biomarkers of yak meat tenderness. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses revealed that the identified proteins are related to pentose phosphate, glycolysis, the citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and the calcium signaling pathway.     

Planktivorous vendace (Coregonus albula) utilise algae‐derived fatty acids for biomass increase and lipid deposition

Spatial and seasonal variation in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton and other basal resources (bacteria, terrestrial detritus) influence the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for upper trophic levels in lake food webs. We studied accumulation, composition and content of fatty acids in planktivorous vendace (Coregonus albula) muscle tissue during the summer feeding period (May to late September) in six boreal lakes. Vendace muscle fatty acid content increased from ~17.7 mg/g DW to ~28.1 mg/g DW from spring to summer, corresponding to a ~59% increase in total fatty acids. PUFA accounted for 45%–65% of all fatty acids, and the most abundant fatty acid was docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3). The DHA content remained relatively constant throughout the sampling period (~7–8 mg/g DW), but the proportion of DHA decreased from ~40% in spring to ~30% in summer and autumn. The decrease in DHA proportion was due to accumulation of other fatty acids, primarily C₁₈ PUFA (predominantly synthetised by algae) and monounsaturated fatty acids. A similar fatty acid accumulation pattern was observed in lipid storing copepods, an important prey for planktivorous vendace. The abundance of bacterial and terrestrial biomarker fatty acids in vendace muscle and prey items was low (<5% and <0.1% respectively). The increase in weight and the deposition of internal energy stores in vendace were achieved predominantly by algae‐based food chain. This has ecological implications, as vendace requires sufficient lipid stores for reproduction in autumn and survival over winter.     

Functional Metabolomics Uncovers Metabolic Alterations Associated to Severe Oxidative Stress in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells Exposed to Ascididemin

Marine natural products are a source of promising agents for cancer treatment. However, there is a need to improve the evaluation of their mechanism of action in tumors. Metabolomics of the response to anti-tumor agents is a tool to reveal candidate biomarkers and metabolic targets. We used two-dimensional high-resolution magic angle spinning proton-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics to investigate the response of MCF7 breast cancer cells to ascididemin, a marine alkaloid and lead molecule for anti-cancer treatment. Ascididemin induced severe oxidative stress and apoptosis within 48 h of exposure. Thirty-three metabolites were quantified. Metabolic response involved downregulation of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phospholipid metabolism alterations. Candidate metabolic biomarkers of the response of breast cancer cells to ascididemin were proposed including citrate, gluconate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospho-choline and -ethanolamine. In addition, candidate metabolic targets were identified. Overall, the response to Asc could be related to severe oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects.     

黄龙病病菌侵染对茶枝柑果实类黄酮和挥发性物质的影响

为分析黄龙病(Citrus Huanglongbing,HLB)病菌侵染对茶枝柑(Citrus reticulata cv. chachiensis)果实品质的影响,采用高效液相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析了花后180 d感病与正常茶枝柑果实中类黄酮物质和挥发性物质的差异。结果表明:茶枝柑感染黄龙病病菌后,果皮中橘皮素等4种聚甲氧基黄酮以及α-蒎烯、辛醛等39种挥发性物质含量显著升高,而氮甲基邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、胡椒烯等16种挥发性物质显著降低;果肉中川陈皮素等2种聚甲氧基黄酮及D-柠檬烯、β-芳樟醇等27种挥发性物质含量显著降低。因此,黄龙病病菌侵染可能会显著影响茶枝柑果皮和果肉中的次生代谢,进而改变其苦味和香味品质,其改变可能与其感病防御应答机制有关。