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Compound specific stable isotope analysis (13C/12C ratio of fatty acids) was used to assess the allocation of plant carbon in soil microbiota, and to identify the trophic links to microbial grazers in an arable field with long-term mineral and organic fertilizer amendments. The feeding strategy of two dominant Collembola species, epedaphic Isotoma viridis and euedaphic Willemia anophthalma was determined. The investigation was conducted following a shift to amaranth, a C4 plant, after 27 years of continuous C3 crop rotation. The influence of new C4 plant carbon was observed in microbial phospholipids (PLFAs) with higher δ13C recorded in C4 amaranth than in C3 clover soils. The strongest enrichment occurred in the fungal PLFA 18:2ω6,9c and bacterial PLFA 18:1ω9t with 11.2‰ and 6.6‰, respectively. However, other bacterial PLFAs showed no isotopic change, suggesting that the microbial community simultaneously utilized “new” and “old” plant carbon. The δ13C of Collembola fatty acids displayed species specific lipid pattern, which was affected by crop type, but not fertilizer amendments. Isotopic separation of Collembola lipids from amaranth and clover plots was more distinct in I. viridis than W. anophthalma. With up to 18‰, the enrichment in Collembola lipids was stronger than in microbial PLFAs, pointing to a distinct incorporation of carbon resources originating from the actual plant residues. The δ13C pattern in I. viridis indicated trophic links with bacteria, saprotrophic fungi and plant tissues, while saprotrophic fungi and plant tissues were accountable for the patterns observed in W. anophthalma. 相似文献
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E Zuskova V Piackova J Machova L Chupani C Steinbach A Stara J Velisek 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(4):643-649
This study evaluated efficacy and toxicity of the pyrazinoisoquinoline anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) in barbel infected with metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum and adult Pomphorhynchus laevis, and assessed antioxidant biomarkers and the lipid peroxidation response in juvenile barbel post‐treatment. The estimated 96‐hr LC50 of PZQ was 28.6 mg/L. For evaluation of efficacy, barbel naturally infected with D. spathaceum were exposed to a 10 and 20 mg/L PZQ 4‐day bath treatment. Both concentrations were 100% effective against D. spathaceum and significantly (p < .01) affected the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione‐S‐transferase as well as levels of reduced glutathione in liver and muscle. The efficacy of orally administered PZQ was assessed in adult barbel naturally infected with P. laevis. Fish were administered 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg of body weight and examined via gut dissection after 6 days. The 50 mg/kg dose significantly decreased the intensity of infection. Praziquantel is a feasible bath treatment for barbel infected with D. spathaceum and has potential for oral treatment of broodfish infected with P. laevis. 相似文献
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采用营养液培养试验比较了低锌营养下芥菜、白菜、甘蓝型3个油菜(BrassicanapusL.)品种幼苗的生物量,抗氧化酶活性,根系活力,叶绿素含量及对锌的吸收、利用差异。试验结果表明,3个油菜品种由于基因型不同,在耐低锌营养能力方面存在显著性差异。在低锌时(10-6mol/LZn2 ),幼苗植株地上部干重以芥菜型>甘蓝型>白菜型,地上部干重分别较无锌对照处理增加17.8%(芥菜型)、9.9%(白菜型)、3.3%(甘蓝型)。芥菜型叶CAT、POD、SOD活性,叶绿素含量及根系活力也明显高于甘蓝型和白菜型油菜。锌积累量及锌利用率也以芥菜型远远大于其它2个品种,锌素利用效率分别为12.3%(芥菜型),8.0%(白菜型),4.9%(甘蓝型)。苗期油菜叶CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量及根系活力可以作为筛选耐低锌营养油菜基因型的评价指标之一。 相似文献
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Seung-Gon Lee DVM MS Hyeong-Sun Moon DVM Changbaig Hyun DVM PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2008,18(4):362-369
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of biphasic (BP) defibrillation in toy breed dogs (<5 kg of body weight).
Design: Prospective, clinical experimental study.
Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital.
Animals: Five dogs (pilot study) and 10 dogs (comparison study of biphasic versus monophasic defibrillation).
Measurements and main results: The efficacy of defibrillation was compared by estimating E80 (80% probability of successful defibrillation) after biphasic (BP) and monophasic (MP) defibrillations. The E80 for BP defibrillation was 7.24±1.33 J (2.24±0.41 J/kg) and 10.24±1.34 J (3.18±0.12 J/kg) for MP defibrillation. BP waveform required 30% less shock energy for a successful defibrillation. In order to compare the safety of defibrillation, we evaluated changes in cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram, echocardiographical left ventricular index, and aortic pressure during and after BP and MP defibrillation. All dogs treated by either BP or MP defibrillation survived. Pulseless electrical activity occurred in 2 of 5 dogs during MP defibrillation. The levels of cardiac biomarkers were elevated and sustained for longer periods in the MP defibrillation group. Electrocardiographic changes (e.g., QT prolongation, the time to return to an isoelectric ST segment after shocks) were more severe and longer in the MP defibrillation group. In addition, overall left ventricular cardiac performance was severely depressed in the MP group compared with the BP group.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BP defibrillation is more effective and safer than MP defibrillation. We determined the acceptable shock energy to be 2–4 J/kg for toy breed dogs. 相似文献
Design: Prospective, clinical experimental study.
Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital.
Animals: Five dogs (pilot study) and 10 dogs (comparison study of biphasic versus monophasic defibrillation).
Measurements and main results: The efficacy of defibrillation was compared by estimating E80 (80% probability of successful defibrillation) after biphasic (BP) and monophasic (MP) defibrillations. The E80 for BP defibrillation was 7.24±1.33 J (2.24±0.41 J/kg) and 10.24±1.34 J (3.18±0.12 J/kg) for MP defibrillation. BP waveform required 30% less shock energy for a successful defibrillation. In order to compare the safety of defibrillation, we evaluated changes in cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram, echocardiographical left ventricular index, and aortic pressure during and after BP and MP defibrillation. All dogs treated by either BP or MP defibrillation survived. Pulseless electrical activity occurred in 2 of 5 dogs during MP defibrillation. The levels of cardiac biomarkers were elevated and sustained for longer periods in the MP defibrillation group. Electrocardiographic changes (e.g., QT prolongation, the time to return to an isoelectric ST segment after shocks) were more severe and longer in the MP defibrillation group. In addition, overall left ventricular cardiac performance was severely depressed in the MP group compared with the BP group.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BP defibrillation is more effective and safer than MP defibrillation. We determined the acceptable shock energy to be 2–4 J/kg for toy breed dogs. 相似文献
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Correlation of serum cardiac troponin I and acute phase protein concentrations with clinical staging in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease 下载免费PDF全文
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Heidi B. Kellihan DVM Brian A. MacKie DVM Rebecca L. Stepien DVM MS 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2011,13(3):171-182