分子数量遗传学的发展

系统地介绍近年来分子数量遗传学中QTL检测与定位、标记辅助选择和标记辅助渗入三个相关领域的发展近况及其基本原理和技术路线等.表明分子数量遗传学有着很好的前景,将成为21世纪中的重要研究课题.     

QTL for IHNV resistance and growth identified in a rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) × Yellowstone cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) trout cross

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a major constraint to rainbow trout culture. Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) have greater resistance to this virus than do rainbow trout (O. mykiss), but the genetic mechanism of this resistance is not understood. We conducted a genome scan using a backcross of cutthroat trout into a rainbow trout background to estimate the number and locations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with IHNV resistance and growth in trout. IHNV resistance was considered in terms of both survival (binary trait) and days to death (quantitative trait). The genetic map was scanned using interval mapping via two different approaches: one model considered survival alone and a second two-part model combined both survival and days to death. Three QTL were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with virus resistance genome-wide, explaining 32.5% of the phenotypic variation. Cutthroat alleles at two of these QTL resulted in increased resistance to the pathogen, as expected. No growth QTL were detected in this cross. We suggest that these traits are genetically independent.     

RAPD技术及其在林木遗传研究中的应用

阐述了RAPD分子标记技术的基本原理及其在林木指纹图谱构建、群体遗传变异和系统进化及分类、遗传连锁图谱构建、数量性状定位等方面的应用。并对存在的问题进行了讨论，展望了其在林木遗传育种研究中的应用前景。     

QTL Analysis of the Oil Content and the Hull Content in Brassica napus L.

The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. By constructing the linkage map. The F26 RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping (CIM) to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. Has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.     

胚乳性状测定方法对QTL遗传效应估计的影响

从理论上分析了不正确地基于胚乳性状测定方法的QTL定位方法造成遗传效应估计偏差的原因,并通过计算机模拟验证;同时探讨了胚乳性状测定方法对胚乳性状QTL的遗传效应估计结果的影响,并指出今后胚乳性状QTL定位的研究方向.     

选择对QTL连锁分析的影响(Ⅱ)

文章在侧翼标记下研究选择对于各标记基因型的频率、多基因效应等的影响,并探讨了利用各标记基因型频率的变化,在侧翼标记区间上检测QTL基因的方法。     

玉米抗矮花叶病毒B株系的QTL定位

为明确玉米对矮花叶病的抗病机制,以代表国内外两大玉米杂种优势类群的优良自交系黄早4和Mo 17为亲本,构建了含239个重组自交系的F9代分离群体,并利用该群体构建了包含101个SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱,图谱全长1422.7 cM,标记间的平均图距为15.6 cM。通过人工接种病毒鉴定,评价了亲本及群体对玉米矮花叶病毒B株系的抗性反应。采用复合区间作图法对玉米矮花叶病抗性QTL进行了定位及其遗传效应分析,在第5、6染色体上,各定位了控制发病率的1个微效QTL和1个主效QTL,分别与标记Bnlg602和Bnlg161连锁,其遗传效应能分别解释表型方差的2.3%和33.8%。     

大豆生育期性状的遗传及QTL定位研究

综述大豆生育期性状遗传及基因定位研究进展,讨论当前的研究重点和今后可能的研究方向,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

番茄SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及每序花数性状的QTL定位

以每序花数性状差异显著的栽培番茄与野生醋栗番茄杂交产生的F2为作图群体，应用SSR标记构建了番茄的遗传连锁图谱。图谱共包含120个标记,总长度为879．1cM，标记平均间距7．33cM。利用区间作图法在第2和第5染色体上检测到2个与每序花数有关的QTLs，其贡献值分别为5．22％和8．39％。     

Identification of QTLs Related to Bolting in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis （syn. Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis）

A genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was constructed with 186 AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） markers by using a doubled-haploid （DH） population with 183 individuals. The individuals were derived from F1 which was developed by crossing a bolting resistant DH line Y-177-12 and an easy bolting DH line Y195-93a. AFLPs were generated by the use of restriction enzymes EcoR Ⅰ and Mse Ⅰ . The segregation of each marker and linkage was analyzed by using JoinMap version 3.0. Mapped markers were aligned in ten linkage groups which covered 887.8 cM with an average marker interval of 4.47 cM. Markers showing skewed segregation ratio were clustered in six LGs. Quantitative trait loci （QTL） were mapped for bolting resistance by using MAPQTL 4.0 package. Four QTLs explaining from 7.0 to 9.4% of the total variation were detected, all of them increase bolting resistance. These mapped QTLs could be used to develop a marker assisted selection programme for bolting resistance breeding.