基于WSN的温室环境监测节点设计

设计了一种带扩展板的无线传感器网络监测节点,节点以CC2430为核心,采用ZigBee技术实现无线传感器网络自组网和监测数据的自动汇聚,实现了无线传输、自适应组网、自动发现新加节点和失效节点、传感器类型可扩展、实时密集监测等功能,且具有功耗小、成本低、精度高、稳定性好等优点。     

模糊自整定PID在温室控制系统中的应用

以AT89C52单片机芯片为核心,采用模糊规则参数的模糊自整定PID控制方法,研究可应用于温室大棚的温度控制器。该控制器基本上能够达到反应速度快、零超调、稳态误差小的理想效果。     

不同灌溉方式对温室表层土壤盐分积累的影响

[目的]研究不同灌溉方式对温室表层土壤盐分积累的影响。[方法]通过连续2年在河海大学节水园区温室大棚内栽培番茄小区试验,对滴灌、渗灌和常规灌溉3种灌溉方式及不同施肥量对土壤表层的盐分积累进行比较研究。[结果]0～20cm土层土壤全盐含量以滴灌最低,渗灌次之,常规灌溉最高;滴灌对降低土壤SO42-和Na＋效果最显著。[结论]节水灌溉方式对改变土壤离子组成、防止温室土壤盐渍化具有重要作用。     

Computer fluid dynamics prediction of climate and fungal spore transfer in a rose greenhouse

Fungal pathogens and especially grey mould are among the most virulent bio-aggressors of protected crops. A warm, moist greenhouse climate encourages the outbreak of explosive epidemics, of Botrytis cinerea in particular. The aim of this study was to simulate Botrytis spore concentration and deposition patterns in a greenhouse and model the inside climate conditions.The general flow equations were solved using the Fluent® CFD code with a simulation of the coupling between aerial transport and crop activity based on earlier research. A specific Eulerian particle transfer module was added to account for spore transfer with a new species: the Botrytis spore concentration. To describe the spore transport equation, the governing equations were modified, adding a vertical terminal velocity term accounting for the effect of gravity on the spores and sink terms accounting for spore interception by impaction or deposition.The necessary parameters for the model, together with spore concentration and climate boundary conditions, were determined in an experimental study of a rose greenhouse with roof and lateral vents equipped with insect-proof nets. These experimental devices have already been exploited for validating a ventilation model and a Botrytis spore balance. In addition to these previous studies, the present paper was essentially designed to determine greenhouse climate and spore concentration and deposition patterns.The accuracy of the inside-outside air temperature difference simulation is good but deteriorates for inside-outside air humidity. Spore transfer is also accurately simulated, with a mean error of only 0.2 sp m⁻³ for daytime and 0.53 sp m⁻³ for night time. The observed values of spore deposition show a similar order of magnitude to the simulations. However, validation was hindered by difficulties encountered in measuring spore deposition, even on an average daily time scale. Analysis of the heterogeneity of the simulated distribution of spore deposition and concentration revealed that, when the Botrytis spores came from outside, their concentrations in the air are filtered by the insect proof nets on the vent openings and then by the crop canopy - the rose stems, buds and leaves.Consequently, if, as in this case, no inoculums is produced inside the greenhouse, we note a considerable decrease in inside airborne spore concentration due to these various filters and considerable spore deposition on the crop cover near the vent openings where the air enters. This approach can provide information's on the patterns of inoculums deposition and climate conditions explaining the risks of future fungal development.     

设施农业气象监测系统的设计与开发

根据现代农业气象服务的需要,针对设施农业专业气象服务业务需求开发了一套基于GPRS无线网络的小气候观测系统。通过在山东、天津等地的实际测试,硬件系统运行稳定,可广泛应用于设施农业小气候观测中。     

日光温室番茄栽培与沼气结合使用技术研究

以番茄＂美粉398＂为试材,探讨了日光温室（冬暖大棚）番茄栽培结合使用沼肥的技术与效果。结果表明：施用沼渣和沼液后,番茄病虫害发生减轻、增产效果明显,表现出较强的抗性,其中以基施沼渣,结合追施沼液、叶面喷施沼液效果较为明显,从增产效果看,以沼肥与复合肥配合使用效果最佳。另外,施用沼肥,可促进番茄生长,降低畸形果率,提高单果重和坐果率。     

晨雨生物有机肥对大棚黄瓜的增产效应研究

通过温室大棚试验,研究了晨雨生物有机肥在黄瓜上的应用效果。结果表明:在同等价格下,合理施用晨雨生物有机肥作基肥,大棚黄瓜公顷产量可达到93831kg,与等基质发酵肥料和有机无机配施相比,增产率分别为27.71%和17.47%,且黄瓜品质、植物学性状以及土壤理化性状均有不同程度的改善和提高。由此可见,晨雨生物有机肥作为一种优质高效肥料可以大面积推广使用,有着良好的经济效益和生态效益。     

不同物料及配比对设施土壤与番茄产量、品质的影响

研究了有机肥、化肥、青沙等不同物料及配比对二代日光节能温室内土壤营养状况,番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明,施有机肥的土壤pH值和容重显著降低,土壤全盐、有机质、速效氮、磷、钾、田间持水量和总孔隙度均增加：单施化肥的,土壤pH值和容重也显著降低,除土壤田间持水量外,全盐、有机质,速效氮、磷、钾,总孔隙度均增加。在施有机肥的基础上进一步配施化肥和沙子等物料,全盐、速效氮、磷、钾均显著增加。化肥和有机肥施用都显著提高了土壤磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,显著增加了番茄的株高和冠幅,最终显著增产;化肥加沙和有机肥加沙处理增加了土壤通气性,显著促进了茎粗的增长,有利于植株健壮;不同物料处理下番茄果实中可溶性糖显著增加,总酸度显著下降．糖酸比显著增大,改善了番茄的风味,尤其是在化肥和有机肥配合并掺和沙子的情况下,番茄VC含量最高．但也显著增加了番茄的硝态氮含量。     

西安市菜田施肥现状与土壤肥力状况

为摸清西安市菜田施肥及土壤养分现状,按不同种植年限,调查了西安市8个涉农区县露地、大棚和日光温室全部菜田(共422个样本)肥料施用情况,并采集0~20cm土样进行土壤养分、pH及盐分分析。结果表明,露地蔬菜氮、磷、钾肥平均用量分别为N 327.0kg/hm~2、P_2O_5186.0kg/hm~2、K_2O 138.0kg/hm~2,氮、磷肥用量偏高,钾肥用量适宜。大棚蔬菜氮、磷、钾肥平均用量分别为N 868.5kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 544.5kg/hm~2、K_2O 496.5kg/hm~2,日光温室蔬菜氮、磷、钾肥平均用量分别为N 883.5kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 684.0kg/hm~2、K_2O 724.5kg/hm~2,设施蔬菜化肥用量严重超量,特别是磷肥最为严重。随种植年限增长,露地蔬菜氮、磷、钾肥施用量有明显提高趋势,而大棚与日光温室蔬菜化肥施用量与种植年限长短关系不大;菜田有机质质量分数均属于较低水平,应加大有机肥投入;露地蔬菜土壤养分质量分数适中,设施蔬菜土壤养分质量分数属于偏高水平,这与施肥现状调查中设施蔬菜过量施用化肥的结果相一致;设施蔬菜土壤硝酸盐质量分数超过露地蔬菜的2.2~2.3倍,盐分质量分数超过露地蔬菜的2.2~3.3倍,土壤硝酸盐和盐分累积十分明显,对蔬菜生产已形成潜在不良影响。今后应严格控制化肥的施用,通过测土配方施肥技术优化施肥结构、用量与比例,防止土壤次生盐渍化等的发生。     

基于物联网技术的日光温室黄瓜白粉病预警系统的研究

运用物联网技术实现对日光温室黄瓜的生长环境(空气温湿度和土壤温湿度)和白粉病发病状况进行了实时动态监测和采集,并采取Logistic回归模型建立日光温室黄瓜白粉病预警模型,以期探索基于物联网技术的日光温室黄瓜白粉病预警系统的设计与构建。研究结果表明：湿度特征变量(最大空气湿度)、温度特征变量(最大空气温度)对日光温室黄瓜白粉病的发病概率均有显著影响,且基于物联网技术构建日光温室黄瓜白粉病预警系统是可行的。