复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层土壤酶活性的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了不同种植密度与施氮量条件下,复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层(0~15 cm)土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,麦收后复种饲料油菜能显著或极显著地提高土壤过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(APHA)、纤维素酶(CEL)和脲酶(URA)的活性,与休闲熟化地(CK)比较,最大提高幅度分别为32.15%,35.61%,78.66%和127.36%。土壤酶活性的变化与复种饲料油菜的播种量和施氮量有关,随播种量的增加土壤CAT、CEL和URA活性表现为逐渐递增态势,而土壤APHA表现为先增后减,播种量为11.5 kg/hm2时,APHA活性可达0.7888mg/g。在油菜生长的苗期,土壤APHA、CEL和URA随施氮量的增加而增加,土壤CAT则随施氮量的增加先增后降,呈单峰曲线;在生长后期(收获期),低氮量有利于土壤APHA活性的增加,中氮量有利于土壤CAT和CEL活性的增加,高氮量有利于URA活性的增加。     

施肥对苜蓿土壤水分、养分和产量的影响:基于定位试验数据的Meta分析

为探究提高苜蓿(Medicago sativa)产量和改善土壤肥力性质的施肥措施,本研究以中国为研究区域,以不施肥苜蓿为对照,通过检索文献整合已发表的相关田间试验数据,采用整合分析方法(Meta-analysis),系统探究施肥措施对苜蓿地土壤水分、养分、产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,施肥可有效增加苜蓿土壤养分含量并提高苜蓿产量,但增加的地上生物量也影响了苜蓿对土壤水分的消耗,其中土壤有机质和全氮含量分别增加了3.1％～33.3％和4.5％～30.9％,土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了3.6％～144.4％和4.4％～24.8％,土壤水分下降了4.4％～11.8％.与不施肥相比,施肥措施下苜蓿增产率达到15.4％～198.2％,水分利用效率提高了5.9％～169.6％.进一步相关分析表明,苜蓿产量与0-200 cm土壤水分、有机质和速效磷含量均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),苜蓿水分利用效率与土壤速效磷含量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01).综上,施肥可有效增加土壤养分含量并提高苜蓿产量,其中化肥和有机肥配施表现出的增产作用最为突出,化肥配施对苜蓿水分利用效率的提升效应最佳.该研究可为苜蓿种植过程中适宜施肥措施的选择提供理论依据.     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

基于APSIM模型的旱地小麦和豌豆水肥协同效应分析

为探索水肥协同作用对作物产量影响的机制和规律,在田间试验的基础上调试APSIM模型参数,并对模型进行检验,然后用该模型模拟近30多年来研究区的小麦/豌豆产量,并采用多元回归方法分析了施N量(X1)、生育期降水量(X2)和休闲期降水量(X3)对小麦/豌豆模拟产量的协同效应.结果表明,APSIM模型可以准确用来模拟小麦和豌...     

Fisher判别法在青海湖东地区不同草地类型中的应用

为了研究青海湖东普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)生境地不同草地类型微量元素变化状况,在夏、秋、冬3季对7个主要草地类型的混合牧草中Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Mo和Se 6种微量元素的含量进行测定,利用费歇法判别分析,对普氏原羚生境地不同季节不同草地类型牧草作了定量分析,找出代表草地类型变化的主要微量元素。结果表明,判别方法真实有效,除冷蒿（Artemisis frigida）草地外,Mo元素是代表草地类型变化的主要微量元素,所建立模型可以作为与其他地区相同草地类型的鉴别依据。     

盐胁迫对离体百合不定芽诱导及生理活性的影响

采用组织培养法研究了5种NaCl浓度0％,0.3％,0.5％,0.8％,1.2％对百合不定芽诱导、生长及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、蛋白质含量和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果表明:百合对盐胁迫极为敏感,随NaCl浓度的增加,百合不定芽形成频率逐渐降低,不定芽及不定根生长缓慢,且在1.2％NaCl浓度下,无不定芽及根的形成.进...     

补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地各经济类群地上生物量的影响

为研究补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地各经济类群地上生物量的影响,于2006年和2007年在甘肃玛曲高寒沙化草地进行了禾草补播试验。结果表明:补播禾草可增加高寒沙化草地草群高度和植被盖度。补播当年,莎草类地上生物量降低,禾草类地上生物量增加。补播第二年,各经济类群地上生物量都增加,禾草类的地上生物量增加最多,占到总生物量的50%左右。其中,中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和垂穗披碱草(Elymus natans)混播的处理,禾草类和豆科类比对照分别高出34.56%和96.37%,是玛曲高寒沙化草地较好补播处理。补播作为改良天然草场的有效措施,对增加草群高度、覆盖度和提高草地地上生物量具有积极作用。     

冬春季低温对葡萄越冬防寒及物候期的调查分析

对赤峰地区和天津地区2007~2010年的冬季和春季温度进行了统计分析,调查了该物候期葡萄的萌芽和始花情况。结果表明:2009年冬季至2010年春季温度显著低于往年,冬季极端低温为有历史资料以来最低;春季的持续低温造成2个地区的葡萄萌芽期和始花期显著推迟。     

彩肉鲜食马铃薯LC410-2 高效脱毒制种技术

马铃薯LC410—2是甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所于2005年选育的新品系。该品系株型半直立,主茎分枝较多,株高55～75cm;叶深绿色,茸毛多,叶缘平展,复叶大;薯块圆形,美观整齐,芽眼浅,薯皮光滑紫红色,薯肉均一、玫红色;幼苗生长势强,成株繁茂;     

河西走廊发展甜叶菊的优势分析及超高产栽培措施

分析了甘肃河西走廊种植甜叶菊的优势因素,总结了沿祁连山冷凉灌区甜叶菊超高产栽培技术。