施肥方式和施氮量对川西平原机插稻产量和氮肥利用的影响

为研究施肥方式和施氮量对川西平原机插稻产量形成和氮肥利用的影响，本研究以‘天优华占’为材料，采用裂区试验设计，主区因素为2种施肥方式（人工撒施和机械侧深施）；副区因素为2种施氮量（180 kg/hm2和144 kg/hm2，分别记为N180和N144）。分析各处理水稻齐穗期和成熟期干物质积累量、产量及产量构成因素。结果表明：机械侧深施肥能够显著提高川西平原单季稻产量及氮肥利用率。与人工撒施处理相比，机械侧深施处理有效穗、每穗粒数、产量、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别增加0.39%、6.60%、4.97%、4.79%和18.54%。侧深施肥条件下，N180处理干物质积累量、有效穗数和籽粒产量显著高于N144处理。180 kg/hm2氮肥撒施处理的产量比144 kg/hm2氮肥机械侧深施处理增加2.87%。可见，机械侧深施技术既能降低施肥成本，又能稳产，值得大面积推广应用。     

金花茶种子发芽试验的初步研究

研究植物生长调节剂对金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)种子萌发的影响,采用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂赤霉素(GA_3)、萘乙酸(NAA)、生根粉双吉尔(GGR)和生根粉(ABT_1)进行处理,研究其对金花茶种子发芽率和发芽势的影响。结果显示,以GGR、GA_3和NAA对金花茶种子发芽率均较高。GGR浓度200mg/L时发芽率(100%)最高,浓度为100mg/L时发芽势(86.6%)最高;GA_3浓度200mg/L时发芽率(100%)和发芽势(80%)最高;NAA显著促进了种子发芽率,但其发芽势较低;而ABT_1对种子发芽率和发芽势促进作用不明显。双因素分析结果表明,不同植物生长调节剂、浓度及其交互作用对金花茶种子发芽率和发芽势均达到显著影响。     

桂枝香·河口断桥

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Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash and phytoextraction of salt-affected soil

Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil. Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process, which exploits plants to absorb, immobilize, and accumulate salt in their shoots. In this study, halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (KM233646), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KM233647), Bacillus flexus (KM233648), and Bacillus safensis (KM233652). Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly (P < 0.05) increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash, grown on natural salt-affected soil. The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants. When compared to un-inoculated control plants, the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved. The shoot and root biomass (fresh and dry weights), soil enzymes, and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio. Consequently, the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.     

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.     

湿法机械处理改善粘胶级竹溶解浆反应性能的研究

为提高溶解浆进行粘胶纤维产品生产的加工性能及减少二硫化碳的排放，采用PFI（papirindustriens forsknings institut）磨打浆和瓦利打浆机打浆这2种湿法机械处理，以改善竹溶解浆的反应性能。以预水解硫酸盐法竹溶解浆为原料，考察PFI磨打浆及瓦利打浆机打浆对溶解浆反应性能及纤维形态的影响，并对同等打浆度条件下的2种湿法机械处理的效果进行比较。PFI磨和瓦利打浆机分别在打浆度为60.5°SR（15 000 r）及36.4°SR（30 min）的优化工艺条件下，Fock反应性能从68.3%分别提高到73.2%和84.0%，粘胶过滤性能由“不通过”到粘胶过滤值分别为3 196.1 s和2 115.6 s。同时，上述2种处理方式均使纤维粗度和长度下降，细小纤维含量、比表面积和总孔隙量增加，且使聚合度损失小。同等打浆度条件下，基于瓦利打浆机对纤维更多的剪切行为，瓦利打浆机打浆对反应性能的提高效果更为显著。     

蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’组培快繁技术体系的优化

探索优化蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术体系，以蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’半木质化花梗为试验材料，研究消毒剂、基础培养基、植物生长调节剂配比及浓度对蝴蝶兰不定芽诱导、增殖和生根过程的影响。结果表明:1）先用2% H₂O₂溶液处理15 min，再用10% NaClO溶液处理10 min，消毒效果良好，花梗污染率低，为26.6%；2）不定芽诱导最适培养基为花宝1号+花宝2号+ 6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L，出芽率为78.9%；3）不定芽增殖最适培养基为花宝1号+6-BA 5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L，增殖系数为3.60；4）幼苗生根最适培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2mg/L，生根率为73.7%。本研究旨在优化‘大辣椒’品种的组培快繁技术体系，为进一步建立蝴蝶兰再生体系和工厂化生产提供技术支持。     

巢湖市早春大棚番茄—水稻轮作稳粮增效模式

巢湖市早春大棚番茄-水稻水旱轮作稳粮模式，通过增施有机肥、减少化肥用量、水旱轮作，能够有效改善土壤结构，克服连作障碍，减轻土传病害的发生，提高番茄品质和产量，同时，水稻可以充分利用番茄田的肥力，有效减少施肥量，节本提质，实现“千斤粮、万元钱”粮经双丰收，是一种值得大力推广的高效生态种植模式。     

吐鲁番市葡萄绿枝扦插育苗技术探究

文章以吐鲁番市葡萄绿枝扦插育苗技术为研究对象,首先分析探讨了扦插前需要进行的一些准备工作,比如准备还苗床,做好普通插条采集,加强葡萄插条管理,随后对葡萄具体扦插育苗进行了分析,最后立足于普通扦插育苗后续管理,分析了葡萄剪枝、病虫害防治等,以供参考。#$NL关键词：吐鲁番；葡萄育苗；绿枝扦插育苗技术     

PEG-6000胁迫下3种外生菌根真菌的生长特性

为了解不同外生菌根真菌的抗旱能力及机制，筛选具有较强抗旱性的优良菌株。选取琥珀乳牛肝菌(sp)、粘盖乳牛肝菌(sb)、橙黄硬皮马勃(sc)3种外生菌根真菌，采用液体培养和固体培养2种方式，利用PEG-6000模拟干旱条件，研究不同干旱胁迫程度对3种外生菌根真菌生长及生理变化的影响。结果表明，在不同PEG-6000浓度下,sb菌丝生长速率一致，sp在0~21 d的菌丝生长速率较高，sc则在14~28 d才呈现速生期；轻度干旱胁迫（PEG-6000浓度为10％~20％）有利于sb和sp生物量的积累，增加sb对H⁺的分泌，并提高sb的SOD活性，降低sb的MDA含量，而sc的生长则受到PEG-6000的抑制；在PEG-6000处理下，3种外生菌根真菌的菌丝形态出现了不同程度损伤，随PEG-6000浓度升高菌丝形态损伤进一步加重，但sb菌丝形态结构完整度高于sp与sc。因此，轻度干旱胁迫利于sb的生长，3种外生菌根真菌抗旱性强弱为:sb>sp>sc。本研究结果可为外生菌根真菌抗旱机制的深入研究及抗旱菌种的筛选提供参考。