施肥方式和施氮量对川西平原机插稻产量和氮肥利用的影响

为研究施肥方式和施氮量对川西平原机插稻产量形成和氮肥利用的影响，本研究以‘天优华占’为材料，采用裂区试验设计，主区因素为2种施肥方式（人工撒施和机械侧深施）；副区因素为2种施氮量（180 kg/hm2和144 kg/hm2，分别记为N180和N144）。分析各处理水稻齐穗期和成熟期干物质积累量、产量及产量构成因素。结果表明：机械侧深施肥能够显著提高川西平原单季稻产量及氮肥利用率。与人工撒施处理相比，机械侧深施处理有效穗、每穗粒数、产量、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别增加0.39%、6.60%、4.97%、4.79%和18.54%。侧深施肥条件下，N180处理干物质积累量、有效穗数和籽粒产量显著高于N144处理。180 kg/hm2氮肥撒施处理的产量比144 kg/hm2氮肥机械侧深施处理增加2.87%。可见，机械侧深施技术既能降低施肥成本，又能稳产，值得大面积推广应用。

Fertilization Method and Nitrogen Rate Affect Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Machine-transplanted Rice in West Sichuan Plain

In order to investigate the effects of fertilization method and nitrogen rate on yield formation and nitrogen utilization of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain Area, ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ was planted in a split-plot field experiment, which was conducted with two fertilization methods (surface broadcasted manually, mechanical side deep fertilization) as the main factor and two nitrogen rates (180 kg/hm2 and 144 kg/hm2, denoted by N180 and N144, respectively) as the subplot factor, and dry matter accumulation at full heading and maturity stages, yield and yield components were measured among the treatments. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer mechanically applied significantly increased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain Area. Compared with surface broadcasted manually, mechanical side deep fertilization increased the effective panicle by 0.39%, the grain number per panicle by 6.60%, the grain yield by 4.97%, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 4.79%, and the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency by 18.54%, respectively. In mechanical side deep fertilization treatments, compared with N144, N180 produced the higher dry matter accumulation, effective panicle and grain yield. Compared with that 144 kg N/hm2 mechanical side deep fertilization, 180 kg N/hm2 surface broadcasted manually only increased grain yield by 2.87%. Hence, Mechanical side deep fertilization technology not only reduces the fertilization cost, but also stabilizes the yield, which is worth popularizing and applying in a larger area.