Genome‐wide association studies identified variants for taurine concentration in Japanese Black beef

We performed genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using the BovineSNP50 array to detect significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may affect the concentration of 22 free amino acids and three peptides in Japanese Black beef cattle. A total of 574 Japanese Black cattle and 40,657 SNPs from the array were used for this study. Genome‐wide significant SNPs were detected for β‐alanine (three SNPs on chromosomes 22 and 29) and taurine (26 SNPs on chromosome 22). Importantly, the top two SNPs for taurine were highly significant (p = 6.2 × 10^?21), and the frequency of the increase‐concentration allele (Q) for taurine was found to be 0.73. The Q allele frequency of this population was similar to that of the other unrelated Japanese Black cattle, but different from that of the other breeds. In addition, the significant SNPs were not associated with carcass traits or fatty acid compositions. Interestingly, the top three of the four most significant SNPs for taurine were located near solute carrier family 6, member 6 (SLC6A6), which is a membrane transporter for taurine. We also found two associated variants in the 5′‐upstream region of SLC6A6; however, they were less significantly associated than the SNPs from the BovineSNP50 array.     

Optimization of culture conditions for feline × murine heterohybridomas

Feline splenocytes were fused to the murine myeloma lines NSO or Ag8. Autologous serum and taurine were used as media supplements for the cat × mouse heterohybridomas. The best results were obtained by the use of NSO as fusion line with taurine-supported media.     

牛磺酸的生物学功能及其在家禽生产中的应用

牛磺酸是一种条件性必需氨基酸,具有广泛的生物学功能。本文从脂质代谢、脂质过氧化、神经内分泌系统、免疫功能等方面重点讨论牛磺酸的生物学功能及其在家禽生产中的应用。     

牛磺酸跨膜转运的研究进展

牛磺酸(taurine,TAU)是动物组织细胞内含量丰富的游离β-氨基酸,具有广泛的生物学效应,而牛磺酸跨膜转运是其发挥生物学效应的基础。本文综述了牛磺酸转运体(taurine transporter,TAUT)的特征、分布、影响因素等方面,阐明了牛磺酸转运体在牛磺酸跨膜转运中的重要作用。     

Dietary taurine supplementation enhances antioxidative capacity and improves breast meat quality of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant responses in breast muscle of broiler chickens.

2. A total of 72 Arbor Acres broiler chickens (28-day-old) with similar body weight were randomly allocated into two groups, and fed either 0 g/kg (control; C) or 5 g/kg taurine-supplemented diets (TS) for 14 days.

3. The results showed that TS had no effect on growth performance or chemical composition of breast muscle in broilers. The drip and cooking losses were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the pH_24h of breast muscle were increased (P < 0.05) in the TS group. Meanwhile, broilers in the TS group exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) scavenging activities of superoxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, and lower (P < 0.05) contents of carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal. TS increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activities. Moreover, TS significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.

4. These findings suggested that TS enhanced antioxidative capacity and improved breast meat quality of broilers via activating the Nrf2 pathway.     

高脂饲料中添加含硫氨基酸对大菱鲆脂肪代谢的影响

为了探究高脂饲料中添加蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸及牛磺酸对大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）脂肪代谢的影响,在高脂（16%）基础饲料（对照组）中分别添加1.5%的蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸和牛磺酸制成4种等氮等脂饲料。试验选用平均初始体质量为（7.98±0.02）g的大菱鲆幼鱼为研究对象,每组饲料投喂3个重复桶,每桶30尾鱼;在室内流水系统中进行为期56d的摄食生长试验。结果表明：全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪在各组间没有显著差异。肝脏粗脂肪含量在牛磺酸组最低,显著低于半胱氨酸组（P<0.05）。血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量在牛磺酸组最高,显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。饲料中含硫氨基酸的添加降低了鱼体EPA含量,牛磺酸升高了鱼体C18:2n-6和C18:3n-3含量。饲料中含硫氨基酸的添加显著影响了大菱鲆肝脏脂代谢基因表达,蛋氨酸升高了脂肪酸从头合成相关基因（FAS）的表达;半胱氨酸升高了甘油酯生成相关基因DGAT1的表达,而牛磺酸降低了脂肪合成相关基因（ACACβ、FAS、SREBP1、PPARα1、PPARγ和LXRα）的表达。生长方面,终末体重在牛磺酸组显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）,但各处理组间成活率、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比均无显著差异。综上所述,在大菱鲆高脂饲料中添加蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸及牛磺酸对大菱鲆脂代谢具有调节作用,牛磺酸具有降低肝脏脂肪含量的作用,而半胱氨酸具有升高肝脏脂肪含量的趋势。     

牛磺酸对马杜霉素中毒大鼠的保护作用

观察牛磺酸对大鼠马杜霉素中毒时的保护作用。将试验大鼠每天灌服马杜霉素进行染毒,且染毒前1 h腹腔注射牛磺酸保护,染毒5 d,继续注射牛磺酸2 d后处死,测定血清、肝脏、腿肌和心肌的丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。结果表明牛磺酸组的大鼠血清、肝脏、腿肌和心肌中SOD活性、GSH-Px活力、T-AOC均有所提高,MDA有所降低,与对照组、马杜霉素组比较,差异显著（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。牛磺酸可以提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力,对马杜霉素引起的脂质过氧化具有保护作用。     

EA-IRMS技术在牛磺酸碳、氮同位素测定中的应用

分析不同纯度的南珠贝肉牛磺酸样品中的δ13C、δ15N比值。利用元素分析仪-稳定同位素比率质谱仪(EA-IRMS)联用技术测得δ13C为(-2.155%)~(-1.924%),δ15N为0.669%~1.347%,方差分析和回归分析结果表明,δ13C、δ15N比值与牛磺酸的含量是负线性相关,即牛磺酸含量越高,则δ13C、δ15N越小,当牛磺酸的含量99%,下降减缓或趋于稳定,EA—IRMS联用技术可用于分析鉴别不同纯度的牛磺酸样品中的碳、氮同位素比值。     

牛磺酸对不同饲养方式蛋鸡肾脏功能、抗氧化能力和细胞因子水平的影响

选择生长发育正常的绿壳蛋鸡15 000只,随机分成笼养高密度组、笼养低密度组和散养组,每组又分为对照组和实验组,2 500只/组。对照组饲喂正常日粮,实验组饲喂添加0.1%的牛磺酸日粮。在实验期第90天,每组随机选取10只采集血液和肾脏,进行肾脏形态和相关生化指标检测。结果显示:饲养方式和日粮中添加0.1%牛磺酸对血清中SCr和UA含量没有显著影响(P0.05);笼养蛋鸡血清BUN含量无论在高密度组还是低密度组均显著高于散养组(P0.05)。iNOs活性、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10等和炎症免疫相关的细胞因子水平在各饲养模式及处理间均无显著差异。饲养方式对肾脏组织中MDA含量、SOD和T-AOC活性无显著影响。散养组肾脏T-AOC活性显著高于笼养高密度组(P0.05);日粮中添加0.1%牛磺酸可以显著升高散养组和笼养高密度组肾脏T-AOC活性(P0.05)。结果表明,散养、降低饲养密度和日粮中添加牛磺酸可以提高肾脏组织抗氧化水平,调控机体的代谢,改善饲养应激造成的肾脏组织损伤,进而提高蛋鸡的健康水平。     

饲料牛磺酸对尼罗罗非鱼生长、体成分及组织游离氨基酸含量的影响

本文探讨了饲料牛磺酸水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分及游离氨基酸含量的影响。选用体重为5.89±0.03g的罗非鱼300尾,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20尾。在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的牛磺酸,配制成5种试验料,分别饲喂不同处理组的罗非鱼,饲养周期为56d。结果表明： 0.8%牛磺酸组罗非鱼增重率最高,且显著高于0%和1.6%组(P<0.05);饲料牛磺酸水平(0.4%-1.2%)显著提高了罗非鱼摄食率、肝脏指数和内脏指数,显著降低了饲料系数(P<0.05)。随着饲料牛磺酸水平的提高,鱼体粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量随之升高,鱼体水分和粗灰分含量随之降低(P<0.05);以增重率为指标,通过二次曲线回归分析得出罗非鱼饲料牛磺酸最适需要量为0.75%。罗非鱼血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼中牛磺酸含量与饲料牛磺酸含量存在正相关关系,且牛磺酸添加组血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼牛磺酸含量显著高于对照组相(P<0.05)。罗非鱼肝脏和肌肉中游离氨基酸含量随饲料牛磺酸含量的增加均呈逐渐下降的趋势,且牛磺酸添加组肝脏和肌肉中游离氨基酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。