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81.
M Loizides A N Georgiou S Somarakis P E Witten G Koumoundouros 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(11):949-957
A new type of vertebral malformation is described, consisting of deformed cartilaginous neural and haemal processes and the compression and fusion of vertebral bodies. The malformation is designated as haemal vertebral compression and fusion (haemal VCF). We studied the aetiology of the malformations and described microanatomical histopathological alterations. The malformations were detected during routine quality control in one of six monitored Gilthead sea bream populations. Haemal VCF affected the posterior part of the vertebral column (haemal vertebrae). In 20% of the deformed specimens, haemal VCF was combined with lordosis. At 35 dph (days post‐hatching), early anatomical signs of the haemal VCF consisted of abnormal centrum mineralization, malformed cartilaginous neural and haemal processes and developing lordotic alterations. The histological examination of the deformed individuals revealed that haemal VCF is preceded by notochord abnormalities. The frequency of deformed individuals was three times higher at 35 than at 61 dph (50.3% vs. 17.2%, n = 157 and n = 250, respectively). No signs of repair or reversion of malformations have been observed. Thus, the steep decrease in deformities in older animals suggests that haemal VCF is linked to high mortality rates. The results are discussed in respect of the possible causative factors of haemal VCF. 相似文献
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1986~1990年间,挪威卑尔根海洋研究所每年都对挪威西海岸春季产卵的大西洋鲱仔稚鱼的分布区进行一次综合性调查,每年在大西洋鲱的孵化期,都在Sunnmre近岸和Buagrunnen的两个小区重复取样(通常每周2次),并用覆盖整个孵化区的综合调查所得的资料计算出仔稚鱼日孵化量,用两个小区所得的资料作孵化曲线,从而得出在孵化期内仔稚鱼孵化量占年总孵化量的百分比。1986~1990年间仔稚鱼年孵化量分别是1.7×1012、3.9×1012、35.4×1012、72.8×1012和99.1×1012尾。 相似文献
86.
J.C. RODRIGUEZ SOUZA C.A. STRÜSSMANN TAKASHIMA SEKINE & SHIMA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1999,5(1):41-51
This study examined the capacity of Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus phyllosoma larvae to absorb nutrients directly from the surrounding water. For this purpose, 48-, 81-, 124-, 160-, and 264-day-old intermoult larvae were starved for 48 h, held for 30 min to 4 h in 0.05 g L–1 solutions or dispersions of cholesterol, peanut oil, saccharose and horseradish peroxidase in seawater, and subsequently examined by histological and ultrastructural methods. Lipids, carbohydrate, and protein were detected in either the lumen of the midgut gland tubules, the midgut gland cells, the haemolymph or in the cells of the epidermis of all larvae examined after each experimental period, with general improvement of the cell and tissue characteristics over unfed controls. The lipids were also found in the cuticle. Thus, the results provide evidence of nutrient absorption via the digestive tract, and possibly also via the integument. Structural adaptations that may be involved in the process of absorption were tentatively identified. Our observations suggest the possibility that particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be utilized by the P. japonicus phyllosoma larvae, perhaps as supplementary sources of nutrients to macroscopic diets. 相似文献
87.
Nonlocal wind-driven fjord–coast advection and its potential effect on plankton and fish recruitment
Lars Asplin Anne Gro Vea Salvanes & Jon Bent Kristoffersen 《Fisheries Oceanography》1999,8(4):255-263
The Bergen Ocean Model (BOM), a three-dimensional physical coastal ocean model, was used for a numerical simulation experiment to investigate short-term effects of wind-generated coastal upwelling and downwelling on the dynamics of adjacent large outer and smaller inner fjords. The effect of the real alongshore wind regime on advection for an idealized fjord topography, resembling Masfjorden, western Norway, is used as an example. This modelling exercise is a supplement to, and its predictions support, the various hypotheses investigated in ecosystem simulation studies of the Masfjorden. The model predicts that coastal winds from the north cause upwelling and transport the upper water layer out from the fjords. Winds from the south cause downwelling and transport the upper water layer into the fjords. The transport is rapid and ≈50% of the upper water layer may be replaced within 1–2 days. Implications of these physical processes for the dispersal and retention of planktonic organisms and the early life stages of fish are discussed. If strong southerly winds occur frequently, this will transport planktonic organisms into the fjord and may increase the carrying capacity for planktivorous fish. In contrast, frequent strong northerly winds may reduce the abundance of planktonic organisms, including the early life stages of marine fish, and thus possibly reduce recruitment to fjord fish populations. Frequent shifts between southerly and northerly winds would cause an exchange of early life stages between neighbouring fjords and thus enhance genetic exchange. 相似文献
88.
Rogelio GonzÁlez Armas Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki RenÉ Funes RodrÍguez & Victor AndrÉS Levy PÉrez 《Fisheries Oceanography》1999,8(3):238-242
We report the presence of striped marlin larvae in coastal waters of the mouth of the Gulf of California, collected during seven oceanographic cruises during 1990 to 1993. From 169 sampled stations, 30 produced a total of 68 larvae of 2.4–30.5 mm total length. Most of the larvae were about 3 mm, indicating a recent spawn. The sea surface temperature at the sampled stations ranged from 19.4°C to 32.0°C, but larvae were caught at stations with temperatures between 27.8°C and 31.5°C. These results clarify the existence of a spawning area of striped marlin in the eastern Pacific, located closer to the coast than previously believed, during several months of the year. 相似文献
89.
A three-dimensional circulation model was used in conjunction with larval fish vertical behaviour models to study the interaction between larval vertical distribution, advection and the outcome of larval transport along the central portion of the east coast of the United States. The circulation model was forced by tides, a northern boundary inflow, and winds. Vertical behaviour models were developed for Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) and spot ( Leiostomus xanthurus ). The purpose of this modelling effort was to investigate the transport pathways of Atlantic menhaden and spot larvae from offshore spawning grounds to estuarine nursery habitats. The coupled circulation and behavioural model demonstrated the importance of along-shelf transport in what is generally thought to be a 'cross-shelf' problem. Cross-shelf transport was associated with bathymetric features, such as shoals. Both physical (e.g. wind) and biological (e.g. changes in larval behaviour) events were responsible for many of the observed patterns in larval transport. Overall, larval transport was determined by circulation but was modified by larval vertical distributions. 相似文献
90.
日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)是中国和日本最广泛养殖的鱼类之一。其养殖基于对天然玻璃鳗的捕捞,从而导致天然玻璃鳗资源逐渐出现严重的匮乏。为解决此问题,众多研究者致力于玻璃鳗的人工繁殖。主要阐述了30年来日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究的相关成果:在亲鳗催熟前需进行强化培育,雌、雄鳗达到性成熟需要不同的催熟药物和催熟时间,17,20-β-二羟孕酮(DHP)的催产效果较好;温度、盐度、水体离子含量等环境因子对胚胎和仔鱼发育影响较大;自由氨基酸、卵黄脂蛋白和硝化甘油是受精卵及卵黄囊期仔鱼的主要能源物质,磷脂是辅助能源物质;用鲨鱼卵冷冻干燥粉末添加复合维生素、磷虾提取液等制成的浆状饵料是仔鱼较适宜的开口饵料;胚胎发育进程为初孵仔鱼体长3.5mm,仅分化出咽,从第7天开始,仔鱼具有消化和吸收食物的能力并出现大幅生长,到100d时,仔鱼已具有较强的免疫能力。 相似文献