缺磷胁迫对小麦幼苗地上部分膜脂组成的影响

磷脂酰甘油(PG)是类囊体膜中唯一的磷脂。本研究以小麦为试验材料,研究了缺磷胁迫对小麦幼苗地上部分的膜脂组成及光合功能的影响。结果表明,缺磷导致PG含量下降和双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)及硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)含量上升。但各种甘油酯的脂肪酸组成变化不显著。尽管缺磷使小麦地上部分的PG含量下降了49%,但其光合气体交换能力与PSⅡ最大光化学效率都没有受到显著影响,表明磷脂含量的降低可为其它不含磷的膜脂含量的升高(SQDG)所弥补,从而保证了植物体在磷缺乏状态下也可维持光合作用的正常进行。     

不同磷肥品种在石灰性水稻田的施用效果及后效

田间试验条件下研究了不同磷肥品种在石灰性水稻田的当季施用效果及其后效.试验结果表明,在石灰性水稻田中施用过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥,均可增强水稻分蘖能力,提早水稻物候期,增加水稻产量,从而提高经济效益.过磷酸钙对早稻的增产作用及对晚稻的增产效果都显著高于钙镁磷肥,并且,磷肥后效对晚稻增产效果随早稻施磷量增加而增加.可见,在石灰性水稻田的早稻施用过磷酸钙(P2O560～75 kg/hm2),是提高产量,充分发挥磷肥后效,提高磷肥利用率的一项有效措施.     

磷用量对晒红烟磷素吸收积累及烟叶化学成分的影响

采用大田小区试验方法研究了不同磷肥用量对湘西晒红烟生长发育、磷素代谢和品质的影响。结果表明,在湘西酸性黄壤土上增施磷肥能促进晒红烟早发快长,增加株高、茎围及最大叶面积。随着施磷量的增加,晒红烟磷积累量增加,特别是移栽后20~60 d的磷积累量显著增加。烟株各部位的磷分配比例以叶中最高,增施磷肥显著增加了移栽后45~75 d茎的磷分配比例。施磷处理显著增加移栽后20 d时根和叶的磷含量,最终提高烟叶磷含量。增施磷肥可以提高各部位烟叶的总糖和钾含量,降低总氮、烟碱和淀粉的含量。以施磷225kg/hm2处理烟叶品质最好。     

旅游活动对黄龙风景区水质的影响：以PO43-、NO3-离子为例

为了探索日益增强的旅游活动是否会对黄龙水质产生影响,从2010年4月下旬到11月上旬,以泉水中保守离子Sr2＋作为示踪剂,采用野外自动监测、水样采集和室内分析相结合的方法,对黄龙风景区溪流水中Sr2＋、PO43-、NO3-等离子质量浓度做了一个旅游季节的监测;结果表明,在补给泉和相应景点间,水中磷酸盐质量浓度变化趋势呈现明显的差异性,且后者比前者均有所升高,其年平均值在5个景点分别升高2.65、1.94、0.91、0.11和1.35倍,而示踪剂Sr2＋离子质量浓度变化趋势则正好相反,说明黄龙风景区溪流水磷酸盐浓度已受到不同程度的外源污染;进一步对比分析各景点磷酸盐、硝酸盐质量浓度与同期游客人数间的关系,结果发现两者间变化趋势呈现明显的一致性;为了排除偶然性因素影响,笔者于2011年对水中磷酸盐质量浓度重新做了上述观测,结果与2010年相似;因此可以推断,黄龙景区溪流水中磷酸盐、硝酸盐质量浓度已明显受到过度旅游活动的影响.     

氮·磷·钾对红稗株高的影响

[目的]为了研究氮、磷、钾肥对红稗植株株高的影响.[方法]运用三因素二次回归饱和D-最优设计方案.[结果]氮、磷、钾肥对植株株高的影响为磷肥（X2）＜钾肥（X3）＜氮肥（X1）.从提高红稗植株株高的角度出发,应将磷肥作为首要因素考虑.通过主效应分析,得到纯氮45.45 kg/hm^2、纯磷62.55 kg/hm^2、纯钾52.65 kg,/hm^2时,株高分别达到最大值,即（y）（x1,0,0）=83.34 cm,y（0.x2.0）=83.87cm,（y）（0,0,x3）=83.48 cm.[结论]当植株株高达到最高值时,氮、磷、钾肥的最佳组合分别为45.30、61.65、50.85 kg/hm^2.     

不同磷肥处理对西南丘陵区小麦/玉米间套体系中小麦生长动态的影响

[目的]研究不同磷肥处理对西南丘陵区小麦/玉米间套体系中小麦生长动态的影响。[方法]该试验采用田间区组试验,以小麦/玉米间套体系为对象,小麦、玉米分别设置5个供磷水平。[结果]小麦的分蘖数、株高、产量构成随着施磷量的增加均呈增加趋势,在施磷135 kg/hm2处理时达到最大值,随后再继续增施磷肥,无论分蘖数、株高还是产量构成数据均显著降低。[结论]磷肥的施用在一定范围内有助于小麦的生长,超出范围反而会影响最终产量。     

A Comparison of Three Different Hydroponic Sub-systems (gravel bed, floating and nutrient film technique) in an Aquaponic Test System

Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), and Green Oak lettuce, Lactuca sativa, were used to test for differences between three hydroponic subsystems, Gravel Bed, Floating Raft and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), in a freshwater Aquaponic test system, where plant nutrients were supplied from fish wastes while plants stripped nutrients from the waste water before it was returned to the fish. The Murray Cod had FCR's and biomass gains that were statistically identical in all systems. Lettuce yields were good, and in terms of biomass gain and yield, followed the relationship Gravel bed > Floating > NFT, with significant differences seen between all treatments. The NFT treatment was significantly less efficient than the other two treatments in terms of nitrate removal (20% less efficient), whilst no significant difference was seen between any test treatments in terms of phosphate removal. In terms of dissolved oxygen, water replacement and conductivity, no significant differences were observed between any test treatments. Overall, results suggest that NFT hydroponic sub-systems are less efficient at both removing nutrients from fish culture water and producing plant biomass or yield than Gravel bed or Floating hydroponic sub-systems in an Aquaponic context. Aquaponic system designers need to take these differences into account when designing hydroponic components within aquaponic systems.     

Phosphorus removal in a marine prototype, recirculating aquaculture system

Phosphorus dynamics were examined in a prototype, zero-discharge, marine-recirculating system. Operation of the system without discharge of water and sludge was enabled by recirculation of effluent water through two separate treatment loops. Surface water from the fish basin was pumped over a trickling filter in one loop, while bottom-water was recirculated through a sedimentation basin followed by a fluidized bed reactor in the other treatment loop. Ammonia oxidation to nitrate in the trickling filter and organic matter digestion together with nitrate reduction in the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor were the main biological features of this treatment system. Orthophosphate concentrations did not exceed 15 mg PO₄–P/l in the culture water during more than 1 year of system operation. Much of the phosphorus was retained within the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor. In these treatment stages, the phosphorus content of organic matter was as high as 17.5% and 19%, respectively. High concentrations of total phosphorus and low concentrations of soluble orthophosphate were measured in the initial stages of sedimentation under oxic and anoxic conditions, suggesting that most of the phosphorus was associated with organic matter. Depletion of oxygen and nitrate in the sludge layers of the sedimentation basin coincided with sulfate reduction to sulfide and a release of soluble orthophosphate. The observed phosphorus dynamics in this marine system supported findings from previous studies in which it was demonstrated that denitrifiers underlie phosphorus immobilization under these conditions.     

磷矿周围环境镉污染情况调查研究

为掌握磷矿区周围镉污染情况,确保畜禽养殖生产安全,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对矿区周围环境中的水源、土壤、饲草和畜禽体内的镉污染程度展开调查。结果：矿区环境中土壤、地表水镉含量均超标;畜禽中牛肾脏、牛肠、牛肺脏、羊脾脏、羊肌肉镉含量超标。结论：磷矿周围环境以及饲养的牲畜存在较严重的镉污染,从公共卫生学角度应给予高度关注。