Genome-wide detection of signatures of selection in three Valdostana cattle populations

The Valdostana is a local dual purpose cattle breed developed in Italy. Three populations are recognized within this breed, based on coat colour, production level, morphology and temperament: Valdostana Red Pied (VPR), Valdostana Black Pied (VPN) and Valdostana Chestnut (VCA). Here, we investigated putative genomic regions under selection among these three populations using the Bovine 50K SNP array by combining three different statistical methods based either on allele frequencies (F_ST) or extended haplotype homozygosity (iHS and Rsb). In total, 8, 5 and 8 chromosomes harbouring 13, 13 and 16 genomic regions potentially under selection were identified by at least two approaches in VPR, VPN and VCA, respectively. Most of these candidate regions were population-specific but we found one common genomic region spanning 2.38 Mb on BTA06 which either overlaps or is located close to runs of homozygosity islands detected in the three populations. This region included inter alia two well-known genes: KDR, a well-established coat colour gene, and CLOCK, which plays a central role in positive regulation of inflammatory response and in the regulation of the mammalian circadian rhythm. The other candidate regions identified harboured genes associated mainly with milk and meat traits as well as genes involved in immune response/inflammation or associated with behavioural traits. This last category of genes was mainly identified in VCA, which is selected for fighting ability. Overall, our results provide, for the first time, a glimpse into regions of the genome targeted by selection in Valdostana cattle. Finally, this study illustrates the relevance of using multiple complementary approaches to identify genomic regions putatively under selection in livestock.     

二氯喹啉酸对湘云鲫鳃肝脏ATPase活性的影响及其机制探讨

采用室内实验方法,研究了二氯喹啉酸对湘云鲫的急性毒性及湘云鲫鳃、肝脏中Na -K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性的影响。结果表明:①在23℃±1℃条件下,二氯喹啉酸对湘云鲫的24,48,72,96h的LC50分别为151.64,150.92,149.60,149.14mg·L-1,是一种低毒性农药;②鱼鳃和肝脏中Na -K -ATPase、Mg2 -ATPase活性的抑制随浓度的增加而加强,随着处理时间的延长而加强,表现出显著的浓度-效应和时间-效应关系,是一种较好的生物指示剂。此外,还讨论了二氯喹啉酸抑制ATPase活性的机制。     

一种新型杀虫生物活性筛选方法的研究

卤虫是一种广温耐高盐的水生生物,由于对毒物敏感、个体微小、容易获得和培养等特点,用于污染物的检毒研究。通过测定常用杀虫剂对卤虫初孵无节幼体的毒力,探讨卤虫作为杀虫活性筛选模型生物的可行性,并研究应用卤虫进行杀虫生物测定的影响因子。     

兽药新制剂促反刍LD50和安全性试验

对兽药新制剂促反刍注射液(CFC)进行了急性毒性试验、局部刺激试验和过敏性试验。用90只小白鼠按点斜法试验设计,以剂间比为1:0.8的7个剂量组测得CFC腹腔注射的LD_(50)为35.05mL/kg,95％置信区为31.2～39.39 mL/kg,相当于制剂主药总量5054～6389mg/g符合化学物质分级低毒级标准。证明CFC为低毒药物,无过敏性,比较安全。因此有轻度刺激性,适于静脉注射。     

用斑马鱼检测猪链球菌2型的致病力

 【目的】猪链球菌2型（Streptococcus suis type 2，SS2）菌株致病力各异，以斑马鱼为实验动物，建立了较为简便可靠的SS2致病力检测方法。【方法】选用1 005尾AB系斑马鱼（Danio rerio）以检测SS2不同分离株的致病力。检测8株基因型均为mrp+ef+、对猪有致病力的SS2菌株。【结果】结果斑马鱼接种菌株12 h后呈败血症病变，96 h内对斑马鱼的半数致死量（LD50）在5.36×103至5.01×104 cfu之间。上述接种菌株的斑马鱼均从体内重新分离到接种菌。同时检测1株基因型为mrp-ef-、对猪无致病力的SS2菌株，斑马鱼接种后96 h内不表现任何病变，亦不出现死亡，对斑马鱼的LD50>106 cfu。SS2有毒力株和无毒力株对斑马鱼的LD50差异极显著（P＜0.01）。【结论】斑马鱼可作为研究猪链球菌2型菌株感染的动物模型。     

湿疹纳米乳中丹皮酚包封率的测定

目的 建立湿疹纳米乳中丹皮酚的包封率测定方法,用于评价湿疹纳米乳制备工艺。方法 采用葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱分离湿疹纳米乳中包封的丹皮酚与未包封的丹皮酚。HPLC法测定湿疹纳米乳中丹皮酚的含量,并计算其包封率。结果 纳米乳中丹皮酚的含量在0.4160～41.60 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r为0.999 9,加样回收率平均值为98.43%,RSD为2.90%;纳米乳中丹皮酚的包封率值为（92.43±0.44）%,RSD为0.43%（n=6）,葡聚糖凝胶柱分离纳米乳上样回收率为（90.5±0.17）%,RSD为1.84%。结论 葡聚糖凝胶G-50可以将湿疹纳米乳和游离的丹皮酚较好地分开,湿疹纳米乳中丹皮酚的包封率测定方法可作为工艺研究的评价方法。     

50%螟纹杀克可湿性粉剂防治水稻中后期螟害的药效试验

50 %螟纹杀克WP 10 5 0～ 135 0g/hm2 防治水稻二化螟 ,药后 7d校正防效达 93.7%～ 98.3 % ,药后 2 0d保苗率达 89.9%～ 97.0 % ;防治稻纵卷叶螟药后 7d校正防效达 95 .0 %～ 97.2 % ,药后 2 0d保叶效果达 84.7%～ 88.2 % ,优于对照药剂 5 0 %甲胺磷EC 180 0ml/hm2 和 18%杀虫双水剂 3 75 0ml/hm2 处理 ,差异达极显著水平     

不同茶园假眼小绿叶蝉抗药性比较

假眼小绿叶蝉Empoascavitis(Gothe))是我国茶区的主要害虫.本文采用药膜法测定了14种杀虫剂对该虫相对敏感种群的毒力基线,比较了6种常用农药在不同茶园的抗性差异.结果表明,随着茶园施药水平的提高,其LC50值和抗药性逐渐增强,对新型药剂阿克泰的抗性倍数增幅最大,增长了2.2-13.3倍,而对高效氯氰菊酯的则增幅最小,增长了1.5-3.4倍.毒力基线测定结果表明:敌敌畏的LC50值为310.5990mg·L-1,毒力最低;阿克泰的LC50值为1.2029mg·L-1,毒力最高,相对敌敌畏的毒力为258.2倍.     

四种重金属对罗氏沼虾仔虾的毒性作用

探讨了Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd四种重金属离子对罗氏沼虾仔虾的急性毒性及联合毒性作用。Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 、Cr(Ⅵ )、Cd2 + 对仔虾的 96hLC50 分别为 0 .46 2mg/L、0 .5 80mg/L、0 .114mg/L、0 .0 15mg/L ;急性毒性由强至弱依次为 :Cd2 + >Cr(Ⅵ ) >Cu2 + >Zn2 + ;Cu2 + 和Zn2 + 、Zn2 + 和Cd2 + 对罗氏沼虾仔虾的联合作用表现为拮抗 ,Cu2 + 和Cd2 + 、Cu2 + 和Cr6+ 、Zn2 + 和Cr(Ⅵ )则为协同作用。     

牙鲆稚鱼对几种化学消毒剂的敏感性研究

研究了6种化学消毒剂对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus稚鱼的最低致死浓度范围、死亡速度、半致死浓度（LC50）和安全浓度。牙鲆稚鱼对6种化学消毒剂的敏感性依次为：孔雀石绿＞次氯酸钠＞二氧化氯＞净水剂1号＞硫酸铜合剂＞高锰酸钾。依据本试验结果，作者对牙鲆疾病防治中消毒剂的使用进行了探讨。