遮阳网在鹤望兰生产上的应用

通过实测资料说明：遮阳网使棚内０．５ｍ及以下气层降温,０．５ｍ气温平均降低０．３℃,０．１ｍ平均降低０．９℃,０ｃｍ,５ｃｍ,１０ｃｍ土温平均降低５．０℃,３．１℃和２．６℃。相对浊度基本为适宜生长范围。而网外及棚内叶面喷水使生态环境更佳。     

花后持续遮光15d对香稻产量、品质和香气的影响

【目的】探明花后持续遮光15 d对香稻产量、品质和香气特征物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的影响.【方法】以常规香稻品种玉香油占和农香18为材料,进行大田对比试验,设置花后持续遮光15 d处理和正常光照处理,测定了香稻产量、品质和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量等指标.【结果和结论】与正常光照处理相比,花后持续遮光15 d显著提高了籽粒2-AP含量和蛋白质含量,但千粒质量、结实率和产量以及整精米率均显著降低.花后持续遮光15d可以提高香稻香气但会降低产量,对稻米其他品质性状的影响因品种而异.     

遮阴处理对小蓬竹生长及生理特性的影响

为了探讨濒危植物小蓬竹对光照的适应性,设置轻度遮阴(LS,74.32％自然光)、中度遮阴(MS,44.83％自然光)、重度遮阴(SS,18.57％自然光)3种遮阴处理,以自然光为对照,观测了小蓬竹叶片生长及生理特性的变化.结果表明,相对于对照,轻度遮阴小蓬竹植株叶片数量显著增加,比叶重、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉、游离脯氨酸含量均无明显差异,总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及叶绿素b相对含量略有升高;中度遮阴及重度遮阴小蓬竹叶片相对数量、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素b相对含量以及可溶性蛋白含量显著升高,比叶重、可溶性淀粉、游离脯氨酸含量显著降低,可溶性糖含量差异较小.说明小蓬竹对轻度遮阴环境有良好的适应性,适度遮阴更有利于其生长发育.遮阴加重的情况下,小蓬竹降低比叶重、促进扩展生长、提高总叶绿素尤其是叶绿素b的含量,从而提高光照截获面积与光吸收能力;调节游离脯氨酸含量维持正常的细胞膨压;减少光合有机物的净积累,将能量更多地用于生命活动的维持;保持足够的可溶性糖并提高可溶性蛋白的含量,从而加强对弱光逆境的抵御能力.由此推断,小蓬竹对中度及重度遮阴环境具有较强的适应性.     

地表太阳辐射减弱和臭氧浓度增加对冬小麦生长和产量的影响

为研究辐射减弱和O3胁迫对作物的影响,利用改进的开顶式气室(OTC)和遮荫网,开展了辐射减弱和O3胁迫的大田试验研究.实验设置4种处理:CK为野外大田组,T1为40％遮荫,T2为100 nL/LO3,T3为遮荫40％和100 nL/LO3的复合组.结果表明:T1和T3组冬小麦的生育期延长且推迟,T3组株高无明显变化;T2组株高降低,生育期缩短;单株干物质重均降低,T3降幅最大;各组灌浆速率均降低,T3组降幅最大;T1和T3产量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数和穗重显著降低,T2组穗数无明显改变.由此可见,复合对小麦生长的影响较接近40％遮荫;粒重降低主要是因为灌浆速率的降低,灌浆时间的影响较小;产量的降低主要是千粒重、穗数、穗重的降低,降幅最大,但小于两因子单独累加.     

Rehabilitating Abandoned Pastures in Panama: Control of the Invasive Exotic Grass,Saccharum spontaneum L., Using Artificial Shade Treatments

ABSTRACT

The exotic grass, Saccharum spontaneum L., has invaded abandoned agricultural lands in the Panama Canal Watershed for decades. The grass aggressively competes with regenerating tree seedlings preventing natural forest regeneration. To estimate effectual light level for controlling the grass, the growth of S. spontaneum was measured under a range of artificial shading conditions. Five shade treatment subplots–light intensities of 100% (full sunlight), 50, 25, 15, and 5%–were established at each of eight plots in land adjacent to the Panama Canal Watershed. Each site was cleared of S. spontaneum and then the regrowth was harvested. The regrowth of the grass was harvested and measured four times every one and half months for six months. The biomass of S. spontaneum was significantly less in lower light conditions than in full sunlight. The results showed that comparing growth of the grass at each harvest date, except for the first harvest date, there were significant differences between full sunlight and light intensities of 5, 15 and 25%. When compared by different harvest dates for each light level, only full sunlight showed a significant difference in biomass of the grass. The study demonstrates that shading is an effective method for controlling S. spontaneum. The results can be applied to developing reforestation strategies for abandoned lands occupied by S. spontaneum.     

遮荫处理对匍枝萎陵菜生长、叶片解剖结构及生理特性的影响

通过对匍枝萎陵菜进行遮荫处理,对其植株生长、叶片解剖结构、色素含量、生理指标以及光合特性进行了测定分析,以探讨其耐荫能力。结果表明：全光照和一、二层遮阳网遮荫处理（透光率分别为40．7％、17．1％）的叶片厚度和叶柄长度显著或极显著高于三层遮荫处理（透光率为5．35％）,根冠比极显著低于三层遮荫处理;栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度变化及差异显著性与叶片厚度相同,但各处理的栅／海厚度比值相互间差异不显著;随遮荫程度的增强,气孔密度和MDA含量极显著下降,蒸腾速率和气孔导度呈先降后升趋势,SOD活性和净光合速率则表现为先升后降趋势;叶绿素和类胡萝b素含量随遮荫程度的增加而显著增加。综合各测试指标及田问观察认为,匍枝萎陵菜对光照强度的适应范围较广,在全光照及一、二层遮荫（即透光率不低于17％,光照强度不低于10．7×10。Lux）的光照条件下均能良好生长。     

Response of Osmotic Regulation Substance Content and Protective Enzyme Activities to Shading in Leaves of Different Rice Genotypes

Effects of shading at the flowering and grain filling stages on osmotic regulation substance content and protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes (e.g.,IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838) were investigated.The results showed that the malondialdehyde content of Gangyou 188 significantly increased under shading,whereas those of IIyou 498,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838 showed no significant differences compared to the control.The soluble sugar content significantly decreased in IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103 and Chuanxiang 9838,whereas it did not significantly increase in Gangyou 527 under the weak light conditions (shading).Moreover,the soluble protein content in the leaves of different genotypes tended to decrease under shading.Further,the protective enzyme activities in the leaves varied in different rice genotypes under the shading treatment.Based on the osmotic regulation substance content and the protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes,it was concluded that Gangyou 188 and Gangyou 527 had strong abilities to adapt to the low light conditions.In addition,the mechanism of damage to rice leaves in different genotypes under shading was discussed.     

遮阴对基质育苗裸苗移栽棉花苗期生长的影响

 通过不同程度的遮光处理来研究基质育苗移栽棉花苗期生长发育的变化,结果表明：在缓苗期内不同遮光处理对叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量影响较大,缓苗期过后4个处理二者变化趋势基本一致,但是各个处理间存在一定差异;SOD酶和POD酶活性均呈现先增加后下降然后趋于稳定,不遮光处理2种酶活性要高于遮光处理;缓苗期过后,遮光处理的单株叶面积、鲜物质质量、干物质质量、株高均高于对照,本试验中以遮光2层效果最好。说明一定程度的苗期遮阴可以缓解基质育苗移栽棉花所处的相对逆境,有利于棉苗生长发育。     

Effect of Shading on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves Under Conditions of Different Soil Water Contents1

Effect of different shading levels (no-shading, 80% shading, and 40% shading) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves were investigated under onditions of different soil water contents in summer midday. All cotton leaves exhibited similar basic responses to shading, including decreased netphotosynthetic rates, a tendency to decrease in transpiration rates, and increased stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The leaf conductance of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants increased by 28% and 16.7% compared with no-shaded plants at high water, respectively, but the net photosynthetic rates of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants declined by 50% and 14.73%, respectively. Results showed that combined effect of soil moisture and shading on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves was very remarkable.     

不同穗型不同行向水稻穗遮光问题理论研究

分析了不同穗型不同行向水稻穗对行间的遮光时间、遮光部位及遮光长度,结果表明穗遮光时间在临界高度以上南北行向比东西行向长。对南北行向,穗遮光部位上午随时角的增加逐渐向下移动,东西行向在临界高度以上与南北行向趋势相似,在临界高度以下则随时角的增加先逐渐向下移动,而后又向上移动至临界高度。穗遮光长度在0至穗长之间。对比不同重量穗型可知,弯曲穗型穗对行间遮光影响小,对行内遮光影响大。