花生生长的计算机模拟

本文概述了作物生长计算机机模式的内容、原理、特点及国外研究概况,介紹了国外已开发的花生生长计算机模式PENUTZ的基本框图及其主要内容。按照PENUTZ的基本原理,作者试编了一个能在SHARP PC1500袖珍计算机上运行,并用BASIC語言写成的簡化花生生长模式PENUTMODB,这一程序能模拟不同光、温、水条件下花生干物质、地面覆盖度、莢果干重的增产动态,預测物候期及产量。文中对其基本结构和运算步驟作了說明。PENUTMODB将在生产或试验条件下检验其准确度和灵敏性。     

Soil Testing and Plant Analysis: Building a Future on Our Legacy

Abstract

Soil testing and plant analysis have been used as diagnostic tools for assessing fertilizer needs of crops for more than 50 years. During that time, considerable progress has been made in developing a plethora of improved extraction procedures and analytical techniques, forming a considerable legacy on which to build in the future. However, as laboratories grew and methods became entrenched, a reluctance to change methodologies has caused a certain degree of stagnation and in many cases has resulted in poor prognostic precision. Examples in the realm of soil testing are presented to show what might be gained by implementing improved technology that measures parameters that are the primary yield‐determining factors. In addition, attention is focused on precision agriculture, where an urgent need exists to develop real‐time assays of nutrient levels in the soil and plants so that the appropriate rates and types of fertilizer can be applied to increase yield uniformity within a field. With the increased disposal of organic residues on land, nutrient management plans for farms are now required. Because of the associated regulations, laboratories will have to introduce protocols for analyzing soil, tissue, and water appropriate to the purpose at hand accompanied by stringent quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) systems to meet the legal requirements. No doubt, within a short time these constraints will be applied to normal crop land being fertilized with inorganic fertilizers as the green lobby grows and applies more pressure for a cleaner environment. The implications of these changes for the future is assessed.     

机械脱壳时花生仁损伤特征及规律

为深入研究机械脱壳过程中花生仁损伤机理和规律,改进花生脱壳机的设计,以辽宁省花生主产地花生品种为对象,运用微型电子拉压试验机、体视显微系统,研究了花生仁外形特征、损伤特征与规律,并进行了不同品种花生仁、不同加载速率、不同受压部位的相关力学特性试验。研究结果表明：不同品种、不同受压部位的花生仁破碎力差异显著,四粒红和花育23在加载速率为10 mm/min时的正压和侧压下平均破碎力分别为106.2、96.6 N和79.8、58.3 N;加载速率不同时,花生仁的破碎变形量和最大破碎载荷都随着加载速率的增大而减小。     

果园套种模式下花生摘果装置设计与试验

针对新疆果园套种花生的种植模式在收获花生过程中行走不便、荚果破碎率高、生产率低等问题,研制了一种果园套种模式下花生摘果装置。在分析整机工作原理的基础上,进行了关键零部件的设计及参数确定。确定摘果滚筒转速X_1、喂入口倾角X_2和摘果间隙X_3三个因素为影响摘果效率的主要因素,并对摘净率和破碎率进行试验研究。试验结果表明:影响摘净率和破碎率的因素主次顺序为:X_1X_2X_3。较优组合为摘果滚筒转速370 r·min~(-1),喂入口倾角12°,摘果间隙20 mm。试验结果为摘净率97.87%,破碎率为1.75%。