北方寒地花生专用肥配方研究

通过4种不同配方的花生专用肥在泰来县多地区、多点次的田间试验,筛选出最适合当地的花生专用肥配方及用量.其中D配方专用肥在施用30kg/667m2的情况下效果最佳,净增收入77.7～159元/667m2,产投比1:1.4～2.9.     

Study of the genetic variability and similarity among and within Arachis villosulicarpa, A. pietrarellii and A. hypogaea through isoenzyme analysis

Arachis villosulicarpa is a perennial species cultivated for its soft and tasty seeds by indigenous inhabitants of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Besides A. hypogaea, this species is considered as the only species of Arachis which represents a valuable food source for human consumption. Due to the lack of knowledge concerning the genetic diversity of A. villosulicarpa, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability of the accessions from the Germplasm Collection of CENARGEN/EMBRAPA (Brasília, DF, Brazil) and Instituto Agrono^mico (IAC, Campinas, SP, Brazil). In addition, the genetic similarity between A. villosulicarpa, the related wild species A. pietrarellii, and the cultivated peanut A. hypogaea cv. Tatu was evaluated. From the entire sample analyzed of A. villosulicarpa, the accession from Instituto Agrono^mico showed the highest indices of diversity for both enzymatic systems analyzed, pointing this accession as a promising source of genetic variabil ity that must be preserved in the Germplasm Bank. A high level of genetic similarity was observed between A. pietrarellii and A. villosulicarpa, supporting previous suggestions that A. pietrarellii could be the ancestral progenitor species of A. villosulicarpa or that both species originated from a common ancestor.     

33%菜草通乳油对花生产量的影响

为帮助农户增加旱田除草剂的选择种类,在花生田安排了33%菜草通乳油除草增产试验。结果表明:33%菜草通乳油在花生田的除草效果低于50%乙草胺乳油,但是与50%乙草胺乳油相比,33%菜草通乳油处理苗期长势较强,营养体偏大,较乙草胺增产7%,其增产效果明显。     

花生种子产业现状与发展对策

花生是重要的油料作物和经济作物,我国年用种量在120万t以上,占花生产量的7%~8%,花生种子市场成为种子企业竞争的焦点之一。我国花生种业如何适应新的形势需要,把我国花生种业做大、做强,是我国花生种业发展中亟须解决的问题。从花生种业现状出发,探讨了发展花生种子产业的意义、花生种业发展的动力,根据花生种业现状及存在的问题,提出了提高花生新品种覆盖率、提高花生种子加工机械化程度和企业竞争力、完善种子市场监管、创造公平竞争环境等是今后花生种子产业发展的方向。     

Yield Quality Parameters and Chemical Composition of Peanut as Affected by Potassium and Gypsum Applications under Foliar Spraying with Boron

A field experiment was carried out at El-Khattara region (Sharkia Governorate, Egypt) during the 2009 season to study the effect of potassium (K) fertilization, gypsum addition rates, and foliar spraying with boron (B) and combinations of them on growth, yield, yield components, oil quality, and uptake of some macro- and micronutrients by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Giza 6) grown on a sandy soil. Biological yield (pod + hay) as well as hay and seed yields were increased significantly as a result of K and gypsum application, but there was no significant increase under foliar spraying with B. The greatest values of 7788, 6585, and 954 kg fed^?1 for biological, hay, and seed yields corresponded to 20.8 kg K fed^?1 + 0.5 ton gypsum fed^?1 without foliar spraying with B. For hay, the greatest value of N uptake was obtained with 20.8 kg K fed^?1 + 1.0 ton gypsum fed^?1, whereas the greatest values for P and K uptake (70.1 and 131 kg fed^?1) were obtained when 20.8 kg K fed^?1 + 0.5 ton gypsum fed^?1 was applied under spraying with B. For seeds, the greatest value of K uptake was obtained when 20.8 kg K fed^?1 + 1.0 ton gypsum fed^?1 was applied, whereas for N and P uptake the greatest values (60.8 and 15.2 kg fed^?1) were obtained when 20.8 kg K fed^?1 + 0.5 ton gypsum fed^?1 were applied under spraying with B. The oil yield of peanut seeds using the Soxhelt extraction method was found to be in the range of 23.1 to 35.2%. The greatest B uptake in hay was obtained without spraying with B, whereas in seeds it was obtained under spraying with B. In both of them was obtained upon application of 20.8 kg K fed^?1 + 0.5 ton gypsum fed^?1. Apparent K recovery (AKR) and K-use efficiency (KUE) were markedly decreased with increasing K addition rates.     

山东花生主产区花生镉含量与土壤交换性钙含量的关系及其健康风险评价

选择山东花生主产区58个田块进行土壤样品和花生样品的随机采集,测定并分析了土壤镉含量、土壤交换性钙含量、花生镉含量及其相互关系,在此基础上进行了健康风险评价。结果表明：土壤样品中镉的含量为0.03～0.18mg·kg^-1,平均为0.069mg·kg^-1;所有样品均未超过农业部绿色食品产地土壤环境的质量标准;交换性钙的含量平均为4368mg·kg^-1;花生样品中镉的含量为0.019～0.46mg·kg^-1,平均为0.14mg·kg^-1,按照FAO/WHO规定的无公害食品镉含量标准0.1mg·kg^-1,有60.3%的花生样品镉超标;全钙的含量平均为0.528mg·g-1,并且随着土壤中交换性钙含量的升高,花生镉含量有降低的趋势,但相关性较低。花生样品中有12个超出%AD（I100）,占取样总数的20.7%,即食用镉含量超过0.2mg·kg^-1的花生会对人体膳食健康有一定的风险,并且镉含量越高风险性越大。     

2MB-2/4型夏花生灭茬覆膜播种联合作业机的研究

目前,中国夏花生播种存在作业效率低、劳动强度大及生产成本高等突出问题[1]。为解决此类问题,研制了一种2MB-2/4型夏花生灭茬覆膜播种联合作业机。该机主要由旋耕装置、起垄装置、驱动装置、施肥装置、播种装置、镇压装置、喷洒装置及覆膜装置等组成,可一次完成花生种植的灭茬、起垄、施肥、播种、镇压、喷药及覆膜等作业,可减少人工投入。田间试验表明:该机作业性能良好,根茬粉碎率77.3%,碎土质量74.5%,垄间合格率89.1%,垄高合格率93.4%,双粒率95.04%,穴距偏差率6.8%,种子覆土深度合格率89.2%,均符合花生播种机行业标准DG/T 007-2006《播种机推广鉴定大纲》要求,满足实际生产需要。     

4 HJZ-4 A花生捡拾摘果机设计与试验

花生作为一种油料作物和经济作物,在我国被大量种植,长期以来收获过程都是依靠人力,机械化程度较低。近年来,随着人工成本的不断上升,花生的机械化收获已经成为制约花生生产发展的一个重要阻碍。为此,设计了一种花生捡拾摘果机,由弹齿式捡拾装置、二级轴流摘果滚筒、双层振动筛及集果升运器等组成,可以较好地完成花生的捡拾、摘果、清选等作业。田间试验表明:该机在标准试验条件下能较好地完成作业,总损失率为2.3%,破碎率为1.3%,果荚含杂率为3.7%,均符合花生收获国家行业标准(NY/T 2204-2012),满足实际生产要求。本研究为花生机收提供了一种新的机型。     

花生茎蔓栽培金针菇品种筛选与优质高产技术研究

通过试验筛选适宜以花生茎蔓为主料进行栽培的金针菇品种,从菌丝生长特性、生育期、子实体性状及 生物转化率等方面,优选出适于大棚设施栽培的优良菌株FH-1（黄色）和FB-1（白色）,并与对照品种 金杂19和Fv088进行了袋栽出菇,采用搔菌、覆膜等措施进行优化管理技术试验。总结提出花生茎蔓栽 培金针菇优质高产配套技术。     

年处理100000t浓香花生油工艺设计

以压榨花生油生产技术为基础,结合国内外先进生产工艺和设备,初步完成年产100 000t浓香花生油工艺设计。主要进行了工艺流程设计,物料衡算,设备选型及劳动力平衡,确定了厂区各车间及库房的建筑面积,绘制了生产工艺设备流程图。产品及加工工艺设备具有明显的先进性,整个设计有一定的实用价值,可供花生产地中小型油脂加工厂参考。