The role of endocrine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in female bovine reproduction

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a pivotal role in cattle fertility, acting as a monitoring signal that allows reproductive events to occur when nutritional conditions for successful reproduction are reached. However, endocrine IGF-I is not a predictor of reproductive events, but rather an indirect estimator of the suitability of the animal to achieve the reproductive event in question. Although measuring circulating IGF-I concentrations might not have any clinical application in the cattle industry, endocrine IGF-I screening will continue to be important for the study of interactions between nutrition and reproduction. In addition, endocrine IGF-I screening could be used as an ancillary test for the selection of cattle for high reproductive potential, especially in herds of high genetic merit for milk production, in which a decline in fertility has been identified.     

采用“诱乳素”诱导空怀母牛泌乳的效果分析

试验选择6头500—800kg屡配不孕的荷斯坦母牛采用“诱乳素”进行诱导泌乳处理。结果表明,“诱乳素”在春季对母牛处理后开始出现泌乳的时间有差异,但到23天后,其产奶量可逐渐达到20kg。对体重大的母牛,虽然诱导泌乳处理时加大了药物的剂量,处理的时间延长,但开始出现泌乳的时间却推迟到8～9天,达到产奶高峰的时间也较晚。采用“诱乳素”处理除了对空怀母牛有明显的诱导泌乳作用外,对母牛的诱导发情亦有明显的作用。采用“诱乳素”处理空怀母牛,不仅可以在短期内达到诱导泌乳的效果,而且可以改善母牛的生殖功能,使不发情的母牛发情趋于正常,提高了其繁殖率。     

奶牛早期妊娠诊断技术的研究进展

高效准确的早期妊娠诊断,可以缩短母牛的产犊间隔,从而达到提高母牛繁殖效率的目的。家畜早期妊娠诊断方法的研究具有悠久的历史,从原始的外部观察法到目前应用最广泛且最直接的直肠检查法,再到后期发展起来的超声波检查法以及近年来研究比较多的易于商业化的间接检测法。本文对在生产中具有实际应用效果且具有一定发展前景的早期妊娠诊断技术应用现状进行了综述。     

Effect of high temperature stress on the reproductive growth of strawberry cvs. ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’

High temperatures are known to reduce fruit size and fruit weight in strawberry, but cultivar differences in the response to high temperature stress during the reproductive stage up to the second inflorescence have not been sufficiently reported. We examined the effect of two day/night temperature regimes on fruit set and fruit growth in two cultivars, ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’. A high day/night temperature of 30/25 °C reduced the number of inflorescences, flowers, and fruits in both cultivars compared with plants grown at 23/18 °C. The percentage of fruit set in ‘Nyoho’ was not significantly different between the two temperature treatments, while that in ‘Toyonoka’ was much lower at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C. Days to ripening was shorter at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C, and no cultivar differences were observed. Fresh weight of primary, secondary, and tertiary fruits was greater at 23/18 °C than at 30/25 °C in both cultivars, and no cultivar differences were observed, except in tertiary fruits. The diameter of fruits from all positions was also reduced at 30/25 °C in both cultivars. Relative growth rates of fruits showed two peaks in both cultivars and in both temperature treatments. Both peaks appeared earlier at 30/25 °C than at 23/18 °C. Percentage of fruit set at 30/25 °C in the second inflorescence was also significantly lower in ‘Toyonoka’ than in ‘Nyoho’. These results indicate that high temperature stress negatively affects the reproductive process in strawberry and that plant response to high temperature stress is cultivar-related in such responses.     

Effects of 17β-estradiol injection on the reproductive efficiency of freshwater crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

The effects of 17β-estradiol injection (10^?7mol/crayfish) in adult female Astacus leptodactylus on the reproductive efficiency (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers) were investigated. In addition, hepatosomatic index, gonodosomatic index, and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels of crayfish ovary, hepatopancreas, and heamolymph before and after injections were also determined. Results showed that E2 injection to females enhances the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus. E2 injection significantly increased pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers, GSI, HSI, and concentrations of E2 in heamolymph, ovary, and hepatopancreas. However, E2 injection did not accelerate time of mating and proportion of pleopodal egg-berried females at the first week of reproduction season in this species. This study highlights that to improve the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus by using hormones to regulate the ovarian cycle, E2 should be used at least 1.5 months before the commencement of the breeding season.     

6种花粉对加州新小绥螨发育繁殖的影响

为探讨不同花粉对加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus(McGregor)发育和繁殖的影响,在室内采用油菜(Brassica campestris)、槐花(Sophora japonica)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)、玉米(Zea mays)和棉花(Gossypium hirstutum)6种植物的花粉分别饲喂加州新小绥螨,观察加州新小绥螨雌成螨繁殖、幼螨发育历期及各螨态存活率。结果表明,经向日葵花粉饲喂后,加州新小绥螨雌成螨存活时间为28.33d,单雌产卵量最高为32.23粒,幼螨发育为成螨最短需5.84d,其净增值率(R0)和内禀增长力(rm)分别为29.61和0.18;与其他花粉相比,向日葵花粉的饲喂结果更接近与土耳其斯坦叶螨(Tetranychus turkestani)饲喂的结果。可见向日葵花粉有利于加州新小绥螨繁殖。饲喂不同花粉后,加州新小绥螨的卵期和幼螨期无显著差异,说明花粉主要影响若螨和成螨,对卵和幼螨影响较小。     

农村劳动力转移及其劳动力再生产问题研究

农村劳动力转移对劳动力再生产会产生积极作用和消极影响,应消除农村劳动力转移过程中影响劳动力再生产的不利因素,以促进我国农村劳动力的进一步有效、有序转移流动和农村劳动力再生产水平的提高.     

红花月见草快繁灭菌及丛芽增殖条件研究

以红花月见草茎段为外植体,探讨其最佳灭菌条件及丛芽增殖条件。结果表明:最适的灭菌条件为0.1%HgCl2灭菌7min,最适的增殖培养基为MS+1.5mg/L6-BA+0.15mg/LNAA。     

有翅型与无翅型棉蚜发育及繁殖能力比较研究

在室内采用网罩盆栽苗研究有翅型与无翅型棉蚜若虫及成虫发育历期、繁殖能力、成虫寿命、产仔能力、体重.有翅型与无翅型棉蚜若虫发育历期之间无显著差异.二者成虫寿命、第一次产仔数量、平均每次产仔数差异不显著,而生殖前期、产仔次数、净增殖率与内禀增长率均存在极显著差异(P<0.01).有翅型棉蚜的产仔次数极显著小于无翅型,而有翅型棉蚜生殖前期显著长于无翅型棉蚜.无翅型棉蚜净增殖率显著大于有翅型棉蚜.无翅型棉蚜可能可以将用于翅发育和飞行的能量转而用于繁殖.