大豆黄酮对动物生产性能、免疫功能与抗氧化作用的影响

大豆黄酮属异黄酮类植物雌激素,主要存在于豆科植物中。其主要成分为染料木黄酮、黄豆苷元和大豆黄素。文章综述了大豆黄酮促生长的作用及其机理、免疫促进作用、调节动物胆固醇代谢与抗氧化作用。     

硼砂对绵羊氮代谢及营养物质消化的影响

本文研究了硼砂对绵羊营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择绵羊4只,采用4×4拉丁方设计,预饲期10d,试验期7d。在处理组的日粮中分别添加1g硼砂/kg、2g硼砂/kg和25mg乙酰氧肟酸/kg,结果表明,添加硼砂对日粮干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质消化率及对氮和尿素代谢均未产生影响。1g/kg日粮的硼砂添加量促进了瘤胃微生物氮合成。试验结果提示绵羊对脲酶抑制剂硼砂也存在适应性。     

绵羊对脲酶抑制剂的适应性研究

以装有瘘管的绵羊为试验动物，研究了绵羊对脲酶抑制的适应性。结果表明：给绵羊饲喂脲酶抑制剂硼砂、氢醌或乙酰氧肟酸7～9d，瘤胃氨浓度明显升高，表现出适应性；此时再给绵羊加倍饲喂脲酶抑制剂，瘤胃氨浓度又下降；给绵羊饲喂硼砂第13天与第3天相比，瘤胃氨浓度增高了17.3％,瘤胃尿素浓度降低20．3％,血浆氮浓度降低24.4％，血浆尿素降低15．5％。     

CB酵母对泌乳早期奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

在奶牛日粮中每头添加50g·d-1CB酵母(Candida tropicalis Berkhout)。结果表明,CB可提高产奶量11.2%,试验组产奶量与对照组产奶量差异显著(P<0.05);乳蛋白含量提高5.13%,试验组与对照组乳蛋白差异显著(P<0.05);乳中乳脂率含量有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);乳中干物质含量有增加趋势,但差异不显著。     

重组鸡β-防御素5 - β-防御素10双分子蛋白的构建及其理化特性分析

鸡抗菌肽属禽β-防御素（AvBD）类,是鸡先天性免疫的重要组成部分。研究将AvBD10基因定向插入到AvBD5-pGEX SalⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切位点上,构建了AvBD5-pGEX- AvBD10双基因共表达重组载体。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli ) BL21,于37 ℃不同时间进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测外源基因的表达。结果表明,重组AvBD5-AvBD10双分子融合蛋白的分子量约为36 kD,重组双分子蛋白占菌体总蛋白的35%,重组菌表达产物以包涵体形式存在。重组双分子蛋白经纯化后,分别以对数生长中期的大肠杆菌[BL21(DE3-) 株]与致病性链球菌［Streptococcus（CAB株）］为检测菌,利用薄层平皿琼脂糖孔穴扩散法测定了重组双分子蛋白的抗菌活性,结果表明,重组双分子蛋白对这两种细菌都具有抗菌活性。并且对温度和pH有很高的稳定性,在-70～100 ℃或pH 3～12处理30 min仍具有抗菌活性。     

Effects of Different Oligosaccharides on Performance and Availability of Nutrients in Broilers

One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d of age) were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates of eight birds each to study on the effects of different oligosaccharides on performance and availability of nutrients in broilers. The control group(Group Ⅰ)was fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet, and the trial groups (Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ) were fed with basal diet plus 0.1% Manoligosaccharides(MOS), 0.3% Soybean-Oligosacchacline(CTC), respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of oligosaccharides slightly improved daily gain and feed intake. SBOS supplementation improved, but MOS and α-GOS significantly decreased availability of energy.Oligosaccharides supplementation improved availability of energy, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron, and significantly increased cholesterol content of fecal, and did not affect on availability of protein and cholesterol contents in serum and muscle. Availability of phosphorus of broilers fed with FOS was much higher than that with α-GOS. SBOS supplementation remarkably increased availability of iron.     

Effect of Different Oligosaccharides on Immunity, and Cecal Microflora in Broilers

One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d old) were randomly divided into six treatments, with three replicates of eight birds each to investigate the effect of different oligosaccharides on index of immune organ, cecal weight and microflora in broilers. The control group (Group Ⅰ) was fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet, and the trial groups (group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ ) were fed with basal diet plus 0.1% manoligosaccharides (MOS), 0.3% soybean-oligosaccharides (SBOS), 0.3% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 0.3% α -glucooligosaccharides(α -GOS) and 0.03% chlortetracycline (CTC), respectively. The results showed that oligosaccharides supplementation significantly (P＜0.05) increased bifidobacteria concentration ofyoung broilers and did not affect on bifidobacteria or escherichia coli concentration of the birds ( P ＞0.05). Cecal weights of 21 d old broilers fed with FOS and α -GOS were significantly (P ＜0.05) increased, higher than those with MOS and SBOS, but addition of oligosaccharides had no effect on the birds. The effect of oligosaccharides on the cecal length was the same as on the cecal weights. Oligosaccharides supplement did not affect on indexes of immune organs.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

不同种类酸化剂对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标影响的研究

目前,在早期断奶仔猪饲料中添加酸化剂已得到了较普遍应用,但是有关这些酸化剂的作用效果报道不一,不同类型酸化剂的作用效果也有差异,各种酸化剂的作用机理不尽相同。某些血液生化指标可以较准确地反映动物体内蛋白质等营养物质的代谢情况,而在饲料中添加酸化剂对断奶仔猪血液生化指标的影响,目前报道很少。本次试验研究添加柠檬酸、磷酸、复合酸,比较不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响,以探讨酸化剂的作用机理。为阐明酸化剂的作用及机理提供试验数据,为酸化剂的科学使用提供理论依据。试验研究选择了28±2日龄断奶约克夏…     

中草药对正常和高温下蛋鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

研究了日粮中添加女贞子等4味中草药对正常和高温条件下蛋鸡的生产性能和免疫功能的影响。试验分2部分进行,第1期试验研究了日粮中分别添加女贞子等4味中草药对常温下蛋鸡的作用。试验选用51 周龄海兰褐蛋鸡144只,随机分为6个处理组,每处理4个重复,每重复 6 只鸡。试验 1~3 组分别添加 1%的女贞子、五味子和四君子汤,试验4组添加10 mg/kg的大豆异黄酮,试验 5 组添加 5 mg/kg黄霉素,基础日粮为对照组。设预试期1周,从52周龄开始正式试验,至57周龄结束,试验期6周。试验测定了蛋鸡的生产性能、免疫功能和2种血清激素水平。第2期试验研究了日粮中分别添加女贞子等4味中草药对高温条件下蛋鸡的作用。试验选用 58 周龄海兰褐蛋鸡96只,分组与测定指标同试验1,鸡舍内平均温度为(32±0 5)℃,相对湿度为50%~70%,试验期为4周。结果表明,4种添加剂对常温下蛋鸡的生产性能和血清激素水平没有明显影响(P>0 05),女贞子、五味子、四君子汤和大豆异黄酮能显著提高蛋鸡血清抗体水平与淋巴细胞转化率(P<0 05)。女贞子、五味子、四君子汤和大豆异黄酮能显著提高高温条件下蛋鸡的生产性能和免疫功能,降低血清中皮质醇含量,对雌二醇含量没有影响。