楠木移植苗造林试验

于洞口县花古乡园艺场鸡公坳选用3年生2次移植苗和1年生非移植苗进行楠木造林试验。结果表明：3年生2次移植苗平均造林成活率可达到90.4％,比1年生非移植苗平均造林成活率（42.6％）提高了47.8个百分点;2种苗木的造林成活率差异达到了极显著。     

Growth Responses of Micropropagated Cassava Clones as Affected by Glomus Intraradices Colonization

This study reports the effectiveness of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices on three clones (SOM-1, 05 and 50) of cassava (Manihot esculenta). Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation increased plant resistance to transplant stress from “in vitro” to “ex vitro” conditions and plant biomass (shoot and root) production was greatly enhanced by AM-colonization. The magnitude of AM growth stimulation over control clones was: 861% (SOM-1), 1042% (05) and 854% (50). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized cassava plants increased cassava water uptake in terms of percentage, 62% in clone SOM-1, 24% in clone 05, and 157% in clone 50. The highest effect of AM-colonization on water content in root of clone 50 was correlated with the greatest increment in leaf tissue production (1218% over control) and with the maximum shoot/root ratio determined. The biomass distribution between shoot and root was changed by AM symbiosis and such effect varied for each clone that may be caused by mycorrhizal changes in macro/micro-nutrients translocation/compartimentation. Cassava dependence on AM symbiosis was greatest in clone SOM-1 since AM-colonization provided the highest stem (weight, length, and diameters), leaf (weight and number), bud number, and root weight. These results lead to practical applications because AM inoculation is crucial for improving cassava yield (shoot and root) and nutrition irrespective of the clone involved. Thus, importance of AM symbiosis in micropropagated cassava clones is of great practical interest in agriculture and allows the selection of the most suitable clone for dry environments due to the particular effect on root water content that improves drought adaptation.     

小型蔬菜移栽机械手的设计与试验

为避免蔬菜人工移栽存在的株距、行距和深浅度不均等问题,根据国家标准GB/T 5262-2008及蔬菜移栽农艺要求,设计了一种能够与吊篮-鸭嘴式移栽机结合的移栽机械手。根据现有的蔬菜育苗钵盘外形尺寸及茄科蔬菜的育苗农艺要求,并结合吊篮-鸭嘴式移栽机的结构,确定了移栽机械手的设计方案,设计了移栽机械手的整体结构及尺寸,并对移栽机械手关键部件进行有限元分析。结果表明:机械手指最大变形量为0.106mm,所受最大应力为6 5.5 MPa;大臂最大变形量为4.7 1 4×1 0^-6mm,所受最大应力为0.0 2 1 MPa;小臂最大变形量为9.476×10^-6mm,所受最大应力为0.0 2 2 6 MPa。试验结果表明:所设计的小型蔬菜移栽机械手能够在一定程度上解放劳动力,降低温室大棚内蔬菜移栽工作的劳动强度,可为以后全自动蔬菜移栽机的发展提供数据与理论参考。     

Use of hydrogels in the planting of industrial wood plantations

The quantity of available water in soil is crucial for plant growth, especially after transplanting as this water will enable the growth of new roots to facilitate nutrient and water uptake. Water absorbed by a hydrogel (superabsorbent polymer) has the potential to reduce drought stress after planting and to improve seedling survival. This article provides an overview of the concepts of post-plant water stress, a review of trials that tested application of hydrogels to forest tree species, and discussion on probable reasons for failure or success in the use of hydrogels. Hydrogels applied in pot trials, under controlled conditions, tended to have a higher frequency of positive survival responses compared with field trials (14 studies of the 17 (82%) in pot trials vs 15 of the 25 (60%) in field trials). In field trials, the application of hydrogels at planting had no effect on survival in seven of the 25 (28%) trials and had a negative effect in three of the 25 (12%) field trials included in this review. In the trials showing a positive response a hydrogel and water application improved survival by 18% and across all trials by 8%. The efficiency of hydrogels was probably influenced by the (1) chemicals present in the soil, (2) hydrogel quantity applied, (3) type of polymer, (4) hydrogel particle size distribution, (5) soil texture, (6) physical restrictions to hydrogel expansion, (7) hydrophilic nature of hydrogels, (8) unsaturated hydraulic conductivity between the substrate and the hydrogel particles, (9) application method and (10) planting conditions and rewatering. Due to this complexity and interactions between these factors it is difficult to provide site-specific recommendations for successful application of hydrogels in a forestry field setting. In general, application of hydrogels has been found to be more beneficial in sand or clay soils and to be of limited benefit in loam soils. Use of a hydrogel is not a replacement for good silviculture and has limited use as insurance against short periods of low rainfall. All efforts should be made to plant when environmental conditions are favourable for tree growth (i.e. wet soil and high probability of rainfall).     

樟子松切根育苗试验

对樟子松进行切根育苗试验,结果表明,机械切根苗苗木质量优于移植苗和留床苗。切根２０ｃｍ的苗高、地径分别比移植苗高９４ｃｍ和粗０２ｃｍ,大于１ｍｍ的侧根数量,平均比移植苗多１１８条,比留床苗多１０条。机械切根可使２年生樟子松产苗量,比人工移植提高２４２９％～３７１４％,每公顷增加收入１５２８５～３０１１１元。     

海南地区切花红掌‘Tropical’试管苗的移栽育苗技术

阐述在海南岛特有的气候环境条件下,由红掌‘Tropical’试管苗移栽育苗的技术,包括试管苗的移栽育苗质量要求、育苗需要的基本设施条件、育苗的环境条件、移栽育苗的步骤以及育苗管理措施等内容,为海南地区红掌‘Tropical’的育苗提供较全面的指导。     

播期和晚播秸秆覆盖对加工番茄干物质积累和产量的影响

为了探讨播期及晚播期条件下秸秆覆盖保护对加工番茄干物质积累和产量形成的影响。在2009年和2010年以里格尔87-5为材料进行了播期(4月10日、4月25日、5月10日和5月20日)和晚播秸秆覆盖(5月10日F+J和5月20日F+J)的试验。结果表明:在北疆气候条件下播期和秸秆覆盖对移栽和直播加工番茄的物质积累和产量形成都有显著的影响。随着播期的推迟,移栽和直播植株总干物质积累量和产量呈显著下降趋势。移栽和直播单株产量均以4月25日最高,分别为4 498.2 g/株和3 955.9 g/株,显著高于其他播期。在产量构成因子中,播期对移栽和直播植株单株有效结果数影响显著,对平均单果重影响不显著。晚播条件下秸秆覆盖后植株生长较同播期不覆盖处理得到明显改善,移栽植株总干重增加15.5%和9.6%,产量增加36%和39.8%;直播植株总干重增加27.8%和15.7%,产量增加12.2%和9%。秸秆覆盖后移栽植株平均单果重显著增加,而直播植株保持不变或略有降低。     

银中杨微体繁殖技术研究

利用MS培养基加入不同质量浓度的6-苄基氨基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和萘乙酸（NAA）进行银中杨微体繁殖技术研究.结果表明：以银中杨带芽枝条为外植体可以实现微体繁殖,适宜的表面消毒时间为8 min.MS培养基中6-BA含量较高时侧芽发生时间缩短、数量增加,侧芽增殖的培养基配方以MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L效果较好;银中杨试管苗在1/2 MS＋1.0 NAA中生根率为86%,根系发达;银中杨试管苗在以珍珠岩＋蛭石的基质中成活率最高（98%）,在旱田土＋珍珠岩（1 1）基质中成活率次之（76%）,在旱田土＋蛭石（1 1）基质中成活率最低（68%）.     

西太公鱼微卫星的筛选与分析

利用磁珠富集法从西太公鱼（Hypomesus nipponensis）基因组中筛选到14对多态性微卫星引物,并对来自黑龙江镜泊湖的西太公鱼24个样本进行检测：扩增的等位基因数在3～25个之间,平均为8.4个;观察杂合度（H_O）和期望杂合度（H_E）分别为0.266 7～1.000 0和0.282 5～0.932 2;多态信息含量（PIC）为0.239 2～0.910 6;位点HN-075和位点HN-250显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡（P<0.05）,这些多态性微卫星位点可用于公鱼属鱼类种群遗传结构及其相关研究。     

红醋栗组培快繁技术研究

以红醋栗1年生带侧芽茎段为材料,进行诱导启动、分化增殖、生根、炼苗移栽研究,建立红醋栗的无菌快繁体系。结果表明：腋芽诱导启动的最佳培养基是MS＋6-BA 0.6 mg/L＋IBA 0.04 mg/L＋AC 1.0 g/L;分化增殖最佳培养基是MS＋6-BA 0.8 mg/L＋NAA 0.04 mg/L＋肌醇2.0 mg/L;最佳生根培养基是1/2MS＋IBA0.4 mg/L;沙子：熟表土：草炭土：果渣=3：3：2：2为最佳移栽基质,成活率达91%。