不同生育期水分亏缺对烤烟干物质积累与代谢酶活性的影响

为探讨烤烟大田不同生育期亏水胁迫与烤烟物质积累及生理代谢的关系,以烤烟‘粤烟98’为材料,采用温室盆栽的方法,研究烤烟伸根期、旺长期和成熟期亏水胁迫处理下烟株干物质积累和叶片碳氮代谢关键酶活性变化。结果表明,伸根期亏水对大田烟株中、后期干物质积累的抑制效应具有滞后性且不可逆转;旺长期亏水仅仅对烟株茎器官干物质积累显著抑制效应,但可逆转,且成熟期时叶片叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性处于较高水平,而淀粉酶活性处于较低水平;成熟期亏水显著降低根、茎器官及整株干物质积累,但对叶器官的干物质积累无显著影响。生产实践中,应高度重视伸根期和成熟期水分管理,确保烟株此期不受干旱,而旺长期适度亏水可以提升成熟期的烟叶田间耐熟性。     

吊杯式移栽机作业时地表不平度的测量分析

为了研究吊杯式移栽机作业时所栽植土壤的地表不平度,采用超声波测距传感器,对吊杯式移栽机作业时的土壤表面不平度进行了测量分析。将超声波测距传感器垂直于地面安装到移栽机上,连续测量地表高低的变化,采用Lab VIEW编程控制超声波传感器的参数设定,由NI USB-6343 X系列数据采集卡采集数据,并可实时显示和存储在笔记本电脑上。计算分析所测数据,得出了试验田地土壤表面不平度的一些参数值,即地表不平度的RMS高度、轮廓微观不平度的平均间距和分形维数,为研究土壤特性对吊杯式移栽机性能的影响提供了一定的基础数据。     

提高大树移植成活率的技术措施分析

主要从移植前、移植过程中以及移植后三个角度来对大树的移植进行了有关探讨。     

地衣对重金属的累积效应用于乌鲁木齐市大气监测的研究

[目的]评价地衣重金属富集能力及其在城市空气环境质量评价中的应用前景.[方法]利用地衣移植法把丽石黄衣移植到乌鲁木齐市区15个监测点,用原子吸收光谱仪测量地衣体内6种重金属含量,根据重金属含量计算单项污染量指数和Nemerow综合污染指数.[结果]随着移植时间的延长地衣体内的重金属含量出现上升趋势,丽石黄衣体内重金属含量具有显著的时空变化特征.同时把单向污染量指数作为变量进行聚类分析和主成分分析,显示15个监测点分为轻污染区、中度污染区、重污染区,严重污染区等三个等级.[结论]地衣具有较高的重金属富集能力,对大气污染较敏感,可以作为大气环境质量评价指示地衣种类.     

Variability of duration of pre-anthesis phases as a strategy for increasing wheat grain yield

In wheat, stem elongation phase (SEP) duration is critical for grain number (GN) per unit of area determination, as it is the phase in which the spikes grow. Lengthening SEP, for instance by photoperiodic sensitivity, without altering the cycle to anthesis (AT) has been proposed as an alternative way to increase spike dry weight, and in turn GN. As most works supporting this idea have modified only SEP by artificial manipulation (e.g. photoperiod extensions), it is relevant to evaluate this hypothesis in populations segregating for this attribute in natural conditions. The aim of this work was to analyse the variability in SEP duration relative to AT in two F4 populations; in order to select contrasting phenotypes to evaluate the impact of this attribute on grain yield components and to analyse the selection response of this attribute. These segregating populations (Las Rosas INTA × Triguero 230 (A) and Klein Estrella × ProINTA B. Alazán (B)) were derived from parental lines with similar flowering time but different relative duration of their pre-anthesis phases. Two field experiments with previous vernalization treatment in cool chamber were carried out. In 2006, F4 populations were characterized and from one of them (population B, which presented higher variability) four groups were selected, which presented contrasting phenotypes in the attribute under study. Progenies of these groups (F5), together with remnant F4 full-sib of each one, were studied during 2007. Grain yield per plant was higher, due to GN increases, when duration of the SEP was lengthened. However, selection response to longer SEP with similar cycle to AT could not be found, possibly as the result of a high environmental influence on this attribute. The phenotypic variability evidenced in this attribute was not clearly associated with major adaptation genes evaluated (i.e. Ppd and/or Vrn), suggesting that other minor genes could be associated.     

不同酸调节溶液pH对生菜漂浮幼苗根系形态及产量的影响(英文)

[目的]为了解在蔬菜漂浮育苗系统中,采用不同酸调节溶液pH是否会对蔬菜根系及其它生长指标产生不同影响。[方法]分别采用硝酸和硫酸调节生菜(Lactuca sativa)漂浮育苗系统中不同营养液浓度下的溶液pH,观察两种酸对生菜根系形态的影响。[结果]不同营养液浓度下,两种酸对根系的影响效果不同。硝酸处理下,随着营养液浓度的增加,生菜地上部、根部生物量都增加,当营养液EC达到1.0μs/cm时,生菜地上部、根部鲜重显著高于硫酸处理;硫酸处理下,当营养液EC达到0.8μs/cm时,生菜的总根长达到344.8 cm,根总表面积为40.9 cm2,投影面积为13.0 cm2,根体积为0.4 m3,显著高于硝酸处理下的相应根系形态指标。比较同一营养液浓度下两种酸的处理效果发现,硫酸处理增加生菜根冠比,促进总根长、根表面积等根系形态的生长;硝酸处理促进生菜地上部生长、促进侧根发育、提高移苗效率、移苗后利于实现高产。[结论]该研究为生菜等蔬菜漂浮育苗和集约化穴盘育苗营养调控技术奠定理论基础。     

潞西市菠萝蜜大树移植最佳时间初探

菠萝蜜是著名的热带果树,也是一种优良的园林绿化树种,被广泛运用于我国南方城市绿化中.但由于菠萝蜜大树移植较难成活,难于达到目前"大树进城,速成景观"的城市绿化要求.结合当前云南省潞西市正在开展的城市园林绿化建设,对潞西市菠萝蜜大树移植的最佳时间进行了探究,结果表明,菠萝蜜大树最佳移植时间为4~7月和11月,配合木箱包装移植技术成活率可达91.36%.     

穴盘苗自动取苗机构的研究分析

在参考国内外现有的穴盘苗自动移栽机相关文献基础上,分析整理出各种类型的自动取苗机构的结构与工作原理,并将所有穴盘苗移栽机自动取苗机构按穴格形状分为锥形的上拔式与倒锥形的下抽式两大类进行阐述.依据上述对自动取苗机构的大分类,将上拔式取苗机构又进一步细分为顶杆式、机械手式、推苗杆与机械手组合式和传送带式4小类,而下抽式取苗机构细分为顶杆式和落苗式两类.同时,对各种形式的典型机构进行了详细的说明与分析,并提出了构建取—送-栽苗一体化移植机构以提高作业效率的建议.     

新型组培苗移栽手爪的设计

移栽机械手爪是温室穴盘移栽机的核心部件,其结构的好坏直接影响穴苗抓取效果。本文从新型机构设计角度入手,使用凸轮机构作为角度变化装置,实现在抓取穴苗过程中的抱抓动作,根据标准的128穴盘格的尺寸提出了移栽手爪的参数设定和整体结构设计,从而提高了抓取的可靠性、降低了穴苗的损伤率。并且利用Solidworks建立机构模型,对其工作原理和功能进行分析,为今后设计市场需求的经济适用的穴盘苗自动移栽机提供参考。     

Use of hydrogels in the planting of industrial wood plantations

The quantity of available water in soil is crucial for plant growth, especially after transplanting as this water will enable the growth of new roots to facilitate nutrient and water uptake. Water absorbed by a hydrogel (superabsorbent polymer) has the potential to reduce drought stress after planting and to improve seedling survival. This article provides an overview of the concepts of post-plant water stress, a review of trials that tested application of hydrogels to forest tree species, and discussion on probable reasons for failure or success in the use of hydrogels. Hydrogels applied in pot trials, under controlled conditions, tended to have a higher frequency of positive survival responses compared with field trials (14 studies of the 17 (82%) in pot trials vs 15 of the 25 (60%) in field trials). In field trials, the application of hydrogels at planting had no effect on survival in seven of the 25 (28%) trials and had a negative effect in three of the 25 (12%) field trials included in this review. In the trials showing a positive response a hydrogel and water application improved survival by 18% and across all trials by 8%. The efficiency of hydrogels was probably influenced by the (1) chemicals present in the soil, (2) hydrogel quantity applied, (3) type of polymer, (4) hydrogel particle size distribution, (5) soil texture, (6) physical restrictions to hydrogel expansion, (7) hydrophilic nature of hydrogels, (8) unsaturated hydraulic conductivity between the substrate and the hydrogel particles, (9) application method and (10) planting conditions and rewatering. Due to this complexity and interactions between these factors it is difficult to provide site-specific recommendations for successful application of hydrogels in a forestry field setting. In general, application of hydrogels has been found to be more beneficial in sand or clay soils and to be of limited benefit in loam soils. Use of a hydrogel is not a replacement for good silviculture and has limited use as insurance against short periods of low rainfall. All efforts should be made to plant when environmental conditions are favourable for tree growth (i.e. wet soil and high probability of rainfall).