机插秧稻田二次封闭控草应用技术

稻田草害是机插秧生产中最严重的问题。传统水稻田"一封二杀三补"控草策略策略已经不能适应机插秧的除草要求。本文综合小区试验和大区示范,针对不同栽培条件下的土壤和杂草情况,提出"二封一补"的除草对策。3年试验示范结果表明,土地平整后插秧前使用57%苄·丙·异丙隆可湿性粉剂1 500~1 800 g/hm~2进行第1次封闭处理,插秧后10 d用50%苄·丁·异丙隆可湿性粉剂1 200~1 500 g/hm~2进行第2次封闭,既能有效控制早期杂草为害,保证秧苗安全,又能延长对杂草持续控制作用,提高水稻产量。在2次封闭基础上,针对不平整地块和烤田后抗性杂草发生情况,提出相对应的补治措施。     

Characteristics and motivations of potential users of urban allotment gardens: The case of Vila Nova de Gaia municipal network of urban allotment gardens

Demand for urban allotment plots has recently increased in Portugal but little is known about the characteristics and motivations of the demanding population, and if and how its characteristics affect its motivations.In this article, we use the Municipal Network of Urban Allotment Gardens (MNUAG)¹ launched by the Portuguese municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia for an exploratory Case Study research. Based on the data collected in the MNUAG application forms submitted in the period 2012–2013, we describe the characteristics and the motivations of the population demanding for urban allotment gardens (UAG)² and run a logit model to find if and how the motivations are influenced by the characteristics.The population of applicants to the MNUAG is quite diverse. It has a balanced gender distribution and an average age of 47 years. Most of the applicants are between 25 and 64 years old, and belong to households with 2–4 members.To supplement family budget, occupation of leisure times, and access to organic farming are its most important motivations, followed by environmental concerns, the practice of physical exercise, and education.Motivations are influenced by the characteristics. This study has identified two groups of applicants with contrasting motivations. Food security is the only significant motivation for the unemployed and low-income applicants. Food safety, health concerns, environmental concerns, recreation, and education are common and frequent motivations among the upper and intermediate professional groups.Results can have future implications on the MNUAG, namely on the UAG location and typology, plot number, and plot size. To meet the demand of all the types of applicants, while fostering social cohesion, the municipality should reinforce its current small UAG structure and add to the MNUAG one or two productive parks.     

信阳市主要野生水产动物重金属含量分析及质量安全评价

测定了信阳市主要野生水产动物Cd、Cr、Pb、As和Hg的含量,并根据单因子污染指数评价法对信阳市主要野生水产动物的品质进行质量安全评价。结果表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物的所有样品中均检出Pb和Cr,但均未检出Cd和Hg。在鲫鱼、鲤鱼、青虾和克氏原螯虾中检出As,检出率分别为60%、65.5%、55%和50%。单因子污染指数评价法表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物均受到不同程度的Pb污染,鲤鱼和鲫鱼受到了轻度的As污染。     

从实验室能力考核看试验的精确度控制

以本实验室参与的两次果蔬农残能力考核情况为例,通过对实验室两次考核结果的精确度控制的比较,对引起试验误差、导致试验质量失控的原因进行剖析,为农产品质量安全检测实验室的质量控制工作提供参考。     

活水产品暂养及运输中的营养品质下降与安全问题初探

随着国民生活水平的提高,水产养殖业的不断发展,人们对水产品的消费也越来越多。同时,现代消费者的食品营养与安全意识日益增强,对水产品的质量也有了更高的要求,不再满足于冰鲜和冷冻水产品。大量活鲜的鱼类、虾类、蟹类、贝类源源不断地从产地销往全国各地。野生或养殖的活鲜     

Effect of water temperature on the feeding activity and the resultant mercury levels in the muscle of cultured bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel)

Tuna muscle often contains high levels of mercury, and fish samples with mercury concentrations ten times higher than the specified safety standards have been reported. Here, we report on the relationship between water temperature and the concentration of mercury in the tail muscle tissue of cultured bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis. The fish used in this study were cultured at Fisheries Laboratory of Kinki University (Amami Experimental Station, Kagoshima, Japan). One hundred fish weighing 26.2–89.4 kg were selected for analysis between February 2007 and January 2008. Water temperature during rearing ranged from 21 to 29 °C. The total mercury levels were measured using the reduction vaporizing atomic absorption method after acid digestion. Body weight increased approximately 1.5 times that observed in a previous study, despite feeding activity either being the same or less than that observed previously. The average mercury concentration in white muscle was 0.353 mg kg^?1, remaining almost constant and independent of body growth. Unlike previous studies, seasonality was not observed in this study. Based on these findings, water temperatures within a certain range were considered to stabilize feeding activity and increase feeding efficiency. Consequently, water temperature is considered to have a moderating effect on seasonal fluctuations in muscle mercury concentrations in cultured bluefin tuna.     

阳高县杏脯产业现状调查分析

山西省大同市阳高县被誉为"三晋杏乡",生产的阳高杏脯营养丰富,是山西省传统名优特产。调查了阳高县杏脯产业的发展历史和现状以及阳高县杏脯产业发展中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了阳高县杏脯产业可持续发展的合理化建议。     

高层建筑消防给水系统的安全研究

我国的城市化进程如此之快,使高层建筑因此林立。高层建筑的不断出现给消防工作带来了新的问题,所以在高层消防安全设计的过程中要综合多种因素控制火灾发生率,以及发生火灾之后通过消防措施可以将损失降到最低。因此,不仅在设计时要严谨、科学、实用,严格按照《消防规范》设计,更要在施工过程中对消防器材的选择、消防设施的生产加工,及消防通道的维护管理方面下功夫,以此来保障高层建筑在使用过程中的安全性。     

菜用睡莲营养成分及重金属含量测定与评价

对绿梗菜用睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona)及红梗菜用睡莲的15营养成分和4种重金属含量进行了测定与评价。结果表明,1与104~140种(品种)新鲜蔬菜已知数据比较,绿梗和红梗菜用睡莲均有较高含量的维生素C、钠及较低含量的干物质、蛋白质、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、磷及硒;绿梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的粗纤维、锰及较低含量的铁,红梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的铁及较低含量的粗纤维。2菜用睡莲是一种含钠量较高的蔬菜。3绿梗菜用睡莲营养成分含量总体高于红梗菜用睡莲。4湖北产区菜用睡莲的铅、砷、镉及汞等重金属含量符合食品安全国家标准的规定。     

农业应急指挥系统的防危性分析

农业应急指挥系统作为关键应用一旦发生故障会造成不可挽回的损失,因此必须具有防危性,而解决使用多年的农业应急指挥系统的防危性问题就显得更为迫切。本文采用失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)方法对遗留的农业应急指挥系统进行初步的防危性分析,并使用故障树分析(FTA)方法对遗留系统进行详细分析和验证,最后提供实例论证了所用方法的有效性。