添食色素对家蚕生理变化影响的研究

家蚕添食不同的色素后,绢丝腺出现了不同的反应。有的可使其着色而有的则不能。在对已着色的家蚕绢丝腺进行酯酶同功酶的分析可以看出,添食的色素没有改变蚕品种的遗传物质的分子结构,但对家蚕的生理产生了影响。同一个家蚕品种对不同的色素或不同浓度的色素所产生的影响大小也是不同的。     

滴灌条件下冬小麦施氮增产的光合生理响应

小麦籽粒产量与抽穗期之后的旗叶光合能力密切相关。为明确冬小麦施氮增产的光合生理响应,该文以充分滴灌不同N追肥量处理的冬小麦田为研究对象,抽穗期后进行3次旗叶光合-光响应曲线测定,量化并比较了旗叶光合能力(Amax)和表观光量子羧化效率(α)等参数及产量(Y)和水分利用效率(WUEa),并确定了旗叶比叶重(SLA)、N含量(N-mass和N-area)和13C同位素甄别率(Δ)对光合参数及产量的影响。分析表明:充分滴灌条件下,增施N肥能延长旗叶光合功能持续期,提高Amax和α,以高N处理(N3,207kg/hm2)处理最为显著(P=0.046),在生育中后期仍能保持较高的Amax,这也是N3处理Y较高的主要原因。而N肥对农田耗水影响不显著,高N处理的WUEa也较高。Amax的提高和维持与旗叶SLA、N-mass、N-area和Δ的变化有关,N肥处理也显著影响了Amax与SLA、N-mass、N-area和Δ之间的线性相关关系。该结果从光合生理角度阐明了冬小麦施氮增产的生理因素,可为该地区冬小麦滴灌施肥管理提供参考。     

Coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia, susceptibility and response to goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus, injury in southern California

Oak mortality is often associated with a complex of decline factors. We describe the morphological and physiological responses of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née, in California to an invasive insect, the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB), Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and evaluate drought as a potential inciting factor. Morphological traits of 356 trees were assessed and physiological traits of 70 of these were monitored intensively over one growing season. Morphological characteristics of tree health included crown thinning and dieback; bole staining resulting from larval feeding; density of GSOB adult exit holes; and holes caused by woodpecker feeding. These characteristics were used to rank GSOB infestation/injury into four classes, and taken together, they explained 87% of the variation in a principal component analysis. Drought stress on various size/age and infestation classes of Q. agrifolia was measured by assessing branchlet pre-dawn and solar noon xylem water potential, leaf cell turgor potential, and water use efficiency over one growing season. Both morphological and physiological traits were highly variable in mature and old growth trees. Early summer plant water status (branchlet xylem water potential and water use efficiency) was similar between uninfested and newly colonized trees, suggesting that GSOB are not pre-selecting drought-stressed Q. agrifolia for oviposition. By late summer, leaf water and cell turgor potentials were lower in infested than in uninfested mature trees, suggesting that GSOB infestation causes drought stress in these trees. Among the tree size/age classes, infested old growth trees exhibited the greatest change in water use efficiency over the growing season, and showed greater morphological injury symptoms of decline than infested mature trees. Morphological attributes of decline in Q. agrifolia associated with GSOB were correlated weakly with increasing physiological drought stress among infestation classes of trees. We propose that the collection of morphological responses of Q. agrifolia to GSOB described here can be used to monitor the future expansion of the GSOB distribution as well as the GSOB-induced decline of Q. agrifolia in California.     

Behaviour and thermal experience of adult sockeye salmon migrating through stratified lakes near spawning grounds: the roles of reproductive and energetic states

Roscoe DW, Hinch SG, Cooke SJ, Patterson DA. Behaviour and thermal experience of adult sockeye salmon migrating through stratified lakes near spawning grounds: the roles of reproductive and energetic states. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 51–62. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Abstract –  Little is known about physiological factors underlying thermal behaviour in Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.). We implanted acoustic transmitters and temperature loggers into migrating adult sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) and nonlethally assessed their reproductive hormone levels and energetic states immediately prior to their passing through natal lakes en route to spawning grounds. We tested the hypothesis that energetic and reproductive status influence thermoregulatory and other in-lake behaviours. More reproductively advanced females with lower levels of energy transited through cooler temperatures compared to less mature females with high levels of energy, possibly to reduce metabolic energy expenditure and delay final maturation. Transit temperatures of males were not related to physiological variables. Salmon travelled on average 13.6 km·day⁻¹ through two lakes, and often circled or held for more than 1 day before moving upstream, but these behaviours were generally not related to physiological variables.     

大黄鱼二倍体和三倍体血液生理指标的比较研究

本文对人工诱导的大黄鱼三倍体与正常数大黄鱼二倍体的血液血细胞常值测定,并对血液生理指标进行比较研究。结果表明:体长25.2～29.2cm,体重180.0～331.0g的二倍体大黄鱼,红细胞平均值为2.33±0.12(×1012个/L);白细胞平均值为23.65±2.45(×109个/L);血栓细胞平均值为42.50±7.14(×109个/L)。体长25.2～27.5cm,体重224.0～281.0g的三倍体大黄鱼,红细胞平均值为1.22±0.18(×1012个/L);白细胞平均值为31.19±3.52(×109个/L);血栓细胞平均值为29.25±5.91(×109个/L)。分析比较大黄鱼二倍体、三倍体各项血液生理指标,除血红蛋白无显著性差异外,其余各项血液生理指标有显著性差异。     

植物及植物生理学美式教育的教学实践研究

在植物及植物生理学教学中渗透美式教育,在教材处理、课堂教学形式、学生学习方式和对学生的评价方式等方面做了初步的实践探索.     

微生态制剂肽菌素在肉鸡生产中的应用研究

将微生态制剂肽菌素添加到肉鸡的日粮中,通过测定肉鸡的生长性能、消化道生理和肠道菌群等指标,探讨肽菌素在肉鸡生产上的应用效果。结果表明:①金霉素和肽菌素均能显著提高肉鸡21日龄体重,1～21日龄平均日增重以及料肉比(P<0.05)。从料肉比来看,添加肽菌素和金霉素均有降低1～21日龄肉鸡料肉比的趋势,且肽菌素各组料肉比均低于金霉素组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。②肽菌素能显著降低21日龄肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和整个小肠的相对长度,显著增加回肠相对长度(P<0.05)。金霉素对十二指肠、空肠和整个小肠的长度无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著增加回肠相对长度(P<0.05)。42日龄时,肽菌素仅显著增加空肠的相对长度,对其他肠段无显著影响(P>0.05)。而金霉素则对42日龄肉鸡的十二指肠、空肠、回肠和整个小肠的长度无显著影响(P>0.05)。③肽菌素和金霉素对21日龄及42日龄肉鸡的十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒隐比值均无显著影响(P>0.05),但有提高的趋势。④肽菌素有提高21日龄肉鸡盲肠内容物中乳酸杆菌数量和降低大肠杆菌数量的趋势,各组间差异不显著;金霉素显著降低了乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。综上所述,肽菌素能提高肉鸡的生产性能、改善肠道形态、增加肠道中乳酸杆菌的数量和降低大肠杆菌的数量,且前期效果大于后期。     

Laboratory and field investigations of salmon lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer)] infestation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts

Hatchery‐reared 1‐year‐old Atlantic salmon post‐smolts (Salmo salar L.), artificially infected with salmon lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer)] copepodids, were found to suffer from primary alterations (increased cortisol levels) at early lice stages. Secondary alterations, such as osmotic stress (increased chloride levels), first occurred after the preadult stages of the lice appeared. Fish with the highest salmon lice infections died throughout the experiment. Seven years of field investigation of Trondheimsfjorden showed that Atlantic salmon post‐smolts descending coastal waters can become heavily infected with salmon lice. The migrating post‐smolts were only infected with the chalimus stages, showing that the fish had only recently left the rivers. The infection level, however, varied considerably between the years, and, in 1998, the infection was higher than previous years. The experimental results have been combined with the field data to appraise the consequences of the infection.     

照明效果及照度标准在设计中的应用

现代电气照明是一门技术与艺术相结合的学科。照明设计作为照明技术成果的体现,是完成各种照明设施的手段,它不仅涉及照明理论,光源研究、照明器研制、建筑设计及色彩调配、灯光分布等工程内容,更强调照明生理学及照明心理学。故在设计中应力求达到上述要求,并注意整体效果及艺术效果。