Prevalence of and factors associated with Brucella sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda

Brucellosis is a key zoonosis of major public health, animal welfare and economic significance, and is endemic in livestock in Uganda. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and identify factors associated with sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Northern and Eastern Uganda, respectively. A total of 1007 sera and data on biologically plausible risk factors from 166 herds and their spatial locations, were collected from cattle reared in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda. The sera were analyzed using indirect ELISA and sero-positive reactors confirmed by competitive ELISA. Multivariable models were used to investigate for risk factors. The overall animal-level and herd-level sero-prevalence was 7.5% (76/1007, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.15–9.4%) and 27.1% (45/166, 95% CI: 20.9–34.3%), respectively. Herd-level sero-prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) higher in Soroti than Gulu. In Gulu town, sero-positivity increased with an increase in herd size (P=0.03) and age (P=0.002), and was higher in cattle brought in from western Uganda (P<0.0001). In Soroti town, introduction of new cattle into a herd was significantly (P=0.027) associated with herd sero-positivity. There was a geographically differential risk (clustering) of Brucella sero- positivity in herds in Soroti, while sero-positivity was homogeneously distributed in Gulu. The data highlight brucellosis occurrence and major risk factors for its transmission in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas.     

宁夏吴忠地区规模化奶牛场流产牛病原血清学调查

为了调查宁夏吴忠地区奶牛场因传染性因素造成流产的基本情况,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对可能造成感染流产的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、新孢子虫、牛病毒性腹泻病毒的抗体及布鲁菌的抗原进行了血清学检测。结果显示,牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒抗体阳性率为48.84%,新孢子虫抗体阳性率为30.23%,牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗体阳性率为19.77%,布鲁菌抗原阳性率为24.42%。牛场阳性率高达100%。根据统计显示,不同妊娠胎次的奶牛流产率差异显著(P0.05),其中第1胎流产率与其他胎次间差异极显著(P0.01)。不同妊娠时间的奶牛流产率差异不显著(P0.05)。调查表明,宁夏部分奶牛场存在不同程度的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、新孢子虫、牛病毒性腹泻病毒和布鲁菌感染。     

临泽县牛羊布氏杆菌病的流行病学调查与血清学检测

为预防临泽县牛羊布氏杆菌病的发生,采用问卷调查和血清学检测的方法对临泽县7个乡镇的奶牛和肉羊养殖情况以及布氏杆菌病的流行情况进行调查。结果发现,本县养殖方式主要是圈养或圈养及放养,养殖户对布病危害和相关法规政策认识不足,防护消毒措施不重视。在采集的1280份奶牛血样和23115份羊血样中,牛阳性率达0.23%,羊阳性率达0.52%。根据调查结果,提出布病防控的建议和措施。     

湖南省一起猪布鲁氏菌病疫情的紧急流行病学调查

2018年3月,湖南省冷水江市一猪场饲养员确诊感染布鲁氏菌病。为了解病例的传染源、动物感染情况,防止疫情扩散,开展了紧急流行病学调查。对疫点基本情况,以及人员感染、饲养场与生猪交易市场猪布鲁氏菌病监测、疫病溯源与追踪、疫情处置等情况进行了调查,及时处置了阳性动物,因而未发生疫情扩散。调查认为,病原来自生猪交易市场的可能性极大,可能通过调运车辆传入猪场,最终导致人员感染。结果提示,应加强生猪调运监管,做好动物疫病监测和联合防控,加大宣传力度,提高养殖户对布鲁氏菌病的认识和自我防范意识。     

Brucellosis knowledge and preventive practices among herders in Western Mongolia

Lack of knowledge regarding brucellosis may lead to highly risky practices. Among herders in Mongolia, little research was conducted assessing the extent of knowledge related to brucellosis, the type of preventive behaviours that were practiced, and the relationship between knowledge and behaviour regarding brucellosis. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in two provinces of Mongolia where herders were randomly selected to participate in the study. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. In total, 485 herders participated in the study. The results indicated that brucellosis preventive practices were significantly associated with sex, location, use of veterinary services, exposure to TV programs and knowledge of brucellosis. Regional disparities in knowledge and behaviour were observed in this research. Herders were more likely to engage in preventive practices if they had a higher level of knowledge of brucellosis. Findings from this research indicated that the effectiveness of incorporating health education through TV programs, as well as the importance of ensuring access to veterinary services in brucellosis prevention.     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病的检测报告

本文通过对全县310头奶牛进行布鲁氏菌病的血清学的检测，及时发现了疫情，探讨了疫情的扩散。说明了实验室检测的必要性和重要性。     

Diagnosis of Canine Brucellosis: Comparison between Serological and Microbiological Tests and a PCR Based on Primers to 16S-23S rDNA Interspacer

A pair of primers directed to 16S-23S rDNA interspacer (ITS) was designed directed to Brucella genetic sequences in order to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) putatively capable of amplifying DNA from any Brucella species. Nucleic acid extracts from whole-blood from naive dogs were spiked with decreasing amounts of Brucella canis RM6/66 DNA and the resulting solutions were tested by PCR. In addition, the ability of PCR to amplify Brucella spp. genetic sequences from naturally infected dogs was evaluated using 210 whole-blood samples of dogs from 19 kennels. The whole-blood samples collected were subjected to blood culture and PCR. Serodiagnosis was performed using the rapid slide agglutination test with and without 2-mercaptoethanol. The DNA from whole blood was extracted using proteinase-K, sodium dodecyl sulphate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide followed by phenol–chloroform purification. The PCR was capable of detecting as little as 3.8 fg of Brucella DNA mixed with 450 ng of host DNA. Theoretically, 3.8 fg of Brucella DNA represents the total genomic mass of fewer than two bacterial cells. The PCR diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100%. From the results observed in the present study, we conclude that PCR could be used as confirmatory test for diagnosis of B. canis infection.     

北方三省区梅花鹿间布鲁氏菌病的流行病学调查

为了摸清布鲁氏菌病在我国北方吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古(东北部)三省区的流行、分布、危害程度等情况,在本调查中,以富有代表性的12个梅花鹿场共1014份血清样品作为研究对象,进行血清学(ELISA)检测,以期进一步为检疫、防疫部门制定防制措施提供科学的理论依据,以确保养鹿业的健康发展。     

Protection against Brucellosis in Goats,Five Years after Vaccination with Reduced-Dose Brucella melitensis Rev 1 Vaccine

The protection conferred by the reduced-dose Rev 1 Brucella melitensis vaccine in goats that had been immunized 5 years previously was evaluated. Sixteen goats vaccinated 5 years before with Rev 1 (1 x 10(5) cfu) and 5 non-vaccinated goats were challenged with B. melitensis 16M (4 x 10(5) cfu) using the conjunctival route. After giving birth or aborting, the goats were sacrificed and tissue samples were taken for bacteriological study. The challenge strain was recovered in 12%, of the animals from the vaccinated group, and in (80% of the control group. It is concluded, therefore that the use of reduced-dose Rev 1 protects goats vaccinated in endemic areas for at least 5 years after immunization.     

2018年西安市牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学调查与防控对策

为全面了解2018年西安市牛羊布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis,布病)的流行情况,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对28901份牛羊血清样品进行检测和确诊。结果显示6997份牛血清样品中检出阳性样品150份,21904份羊血清样品中检出阳性样品140份,牛个体阳性率为2.14%,羊个体阳性率为0.64%,牛羊个体阳性率为1.00%。根据调查结果,提出布病防控的建议和对策。