Population Studies of Limonium stocksii (Plumbaginacea) from a Salt Desert Near the Arabian Sea Coast

Abstract

A population of Limonium stocksii was studied for one year at the upper end of Manora Creek along the Arabian Sea coast, near Karachi, Pakistan. The community was divided into three zones. Soil pH varied from 8.1 to 8.5. Soil conductivity was highest (191 dS m^?1) in September and lowest (55 dS m^?1) in June. Soil water content was relatively low and varied from 1.6% in February to 9.5% in June. Limonium stocksii maintained a persistent seed bank, which peaked at 5,887 seeds m^?2 in May. Very slow growth was observed; however, plants in the intermediate zone showed better growth than the other two zones. Stem and leaf tissue water content were affected by salinity fluctuations, but root tissue water remained unaffected. Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) accumulated in stems and leaves more than other ions. Leaves also accumulated a very high amount of magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) compared to roots and stems.     

锰对盐藻生长与物质积累的调控作用

试验结果表明,培养液中锰质量浓度过高或过低都不利于盐藻细胞的生长与物质积累。培养基中锰质量浓度为4.0 mg/L时,盐藻细胞生长、蛋白质合成与β-胡萝卜素积累最多。当培养液中锰质量浓度较高(8.0 mg/L)或较低(2.0 mg/L)时,单个盐藻细胞中的蛋白质与β-胡萝卜素含量较高。但此时,因培养液中细胞密度较低,盐藻细胞积累的物质总量仍然较少。在锰质量浓度较高或较低的逆境条件下,盐藻可能通过适应性反应形成了逆境蛋白质与胡萝卜素等。     

贵州省习水县二郎电厂厂址区稳定性研究

在掌握习水县二郎区域地质构造的基础上，通过对二郎电厂厂址区内水文地质、滑坡、洪积泥流一残坡积碎石土混合堆积体、岩土体的浅表层变形及断裂与地震危险性的调查研究分析，确定厂址区的稳定性，并做出结论及建议，为二郎电厂的施工提供科学依据。     

铜在鲤体内的蓄积及毒性的研究

采用半静态法将鲤(Cyprinus carpio)暴露于不同浓度的铜溶液中,研究了铜在鱼体中的吸收富集及毒性。结果表明:铜在鲤肝、肾、鳃和肌肉中的积累量均随着铜浓度的升高而增加。鲤各部位对铜的蓄积能力依次是肝、肾、鳃、肌肉,且肝、肾中铜的积累量明显高于鳃和肌肉,鲤对铜具有较强的蓄积毒性。中毒鱼体色变黑,生长受到抑制,临死前出现神经症状;鳃小片上皮增生、变性、坏死;肝细胞和肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性、溶解性坏死。     

Accumulation of Zinc and Molar Ratio of Phytic Acid and Zinc during Maize Grain Maturation

Dynamics of the accumulation of total ash and zinc, and their relationships with total dry matter, crude proteins and phytic acid during maize grain maturation were investigated. The investigation was carried out on normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over two consecutive vegetation years.
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability.     

人工湿地系统中梭鱼草和香蒲对镉积累的动态变化

为探讨人工湿地系统中挺水植物梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)和香蒲(Typha orientalis)对镉(Cd)积累的动态变化,通过在室外表面流人工湿地采样和室内分析相结合的方法,对8-12月梭鱼草和香蒲地上部和地下部的生物量、镉含量及积累量的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,梭鱼草根部和茎叶镉含量为0.25~0.70mg/kg和0.07~0.18mg/kg,香蒲根部和茎叶镉含量为0.16~0.39mg/kg和0.11~0.17mg/kg,根部镉含量均显著高于各自的茎叶部,两种植物各部位镉含量均在10月达到最大值,两者对镉的富集与转运能力均随着月份的变化而变化,都呈先增高、后降低的趋势;其中,梭鱼草对底泥镉的富集系数为0.76~3.13,香蒲为0.63~0.91,两者的富集系数最高值均出现在10月;两者的转运量系数分别为1.12~10.47、3.25~8.10,最大值分别出现在9月、10月。在10月之前,同一月份梭鱼草地上部的生物量和对湿地中镉积累量均极显著或显著高于香蒲。两种植物地上部分生物量和对湿地中镉积累量均极显著高于地下部分(P<0.01)。综合考虑两种植物的生物量及对镉的积累量,9月和10月分别为梭鱼草和香蒲地上部分最佳收获月份,能够最大化去除湿地系统中的镉。     

亚硝酸盐在水生动物体内的吸收机制及蓄积的影响因素

亚硝酸盐是水产养殖系统中一种潜在的污染物，淡水鱼类通过鳃主动吸收亚硝酸盐，导致体内亚硝酸盐的浓度过高。海水鱼类对亚硝酸盐的敏感性较低，但仍可以通过肠和鳃吸收亚硝酸盐。影响亚硝酸盐在体内蓄积的因素很多，文章就亚硝酸盐在水生动物体内的吸收及蓄积的影响因素这2个方面进行了论述。     

荔枝树体N素分布及累积特点

采用整株枝解法,在采果后把9a生成年妃子笑和黑叶、3a生幼年妃子笑荔枝的根、木质部、皮部、叶、复叶柄5个器官分成14～16个部位,测定各个部位各个器官的N含量。结果表明,1)N在不同器官和不同部位含量是不同的。N含量在叶片最高,在根颈、主茎木质部、主根含量较低;在同级枝根中,皮部N含量显著高于木质部;荔枝枝干和根系,随着其粗度增加,其N含量基本上呈下降趋势,但成年树下降幅度比幼年树的大。2)成龄妃子笑与黑叶各部位各器官N含量没有显著差异,但成年树叶、复叶柄、末级侧枝皮部、木质部N含量高于幼年树相应部位相应器官N含量。3)荔枝N素累积在叶片最多,其次为枝干,根系N累积量较少,末级侧枝N素累积量占整株树N素累积量50%以上。     

毛竹林凋落叶分解失重及养分累积归还模式

经过１０４周对２个试验点上包括３种立竹度和２种林分组成共５种处理条件下的毛竹林凋落叶的分解过程研究，结果表明：分解初期失重迅速，而后趋于缓慢。分解剩余率与分解时间之间存在着指数函数关系。林分立竹度和组成对竹林凋落叶分解速度有着显著影响，竹栎混交林及立竹度为３０１５株／ｈｍ＾２纯竹林处理下，凋落叶的分解速度分别高于纯竹林的其它２种立竹度处理。剩余物中的Ｎ、Ｐ的浓度随分解呈增加趋势，两者变化模式相似，     

磷素环境与马褂木种源的生长和干物质积累

自然土壤中有效磷含量很低,难以满足植物最佳生长的需要。据统计,在全世界13·19亿hm2的耕地中约有43%缺磷,而我国耕地则有2/3缺磷(何绪生等,1998)。我国南方地区高温多雨,富铝化作用明显,多数土壤呈酸性或强酸性,磷素固定强烈,土壤有效磷含量仅在1~2mg·kg-1(邱燕等,2003)。虽然施用磷肥的效果显著,但其利用率一般不超过10%,多为土壤固定并转变成植物较难吸收的Ca-P、Fe-P和Al-P等(熊毅,1997)。鉴于植物具有将土壤难溶态磷转化为有效态磷并加以吸收利用的能力,通过选育磷高效利用的植物品种来开发土壤中难溶态的磷素资源,可减小对施用磷…