杜仲叶内杜仲胶的形成积累规律

通过对杜仲叶内杜仲胶形成与积累的动态进行全面系统的研究,探索杜仲叶含胶性状年变化和逐年变化的特点和规律以及不同着生部位叶片含胶率随叶龄变化的规律.结果表明:在一年的不同季节中,叶片含胶率差异很大,春季展叶时,叶片含胶率最低,6月下旬达到最大值,着生在枝条不同部位的叶片虽然展叶时间不同,但是叶片含胶率都是在展叶时最低,在叶龄50~65 d时,含胶率几乎都达到最大值,杜仲叶片含胶率与叶龄的相关性达到了极显著水平;杜仲叶片含胶率随着树龄的增大含胶率总体呈提高的趋势并逐步趋于稳定.     

A review of the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on nursery stock quality and performance

This paper presents the experimental evidence on the effects of desiccation, low and high temperatures, rough handling, root loss and storage between lifting and planting on plant quality and performance. The review concentrates on the impact of these stresses on outplanting performance; their effect on seedling properties, such as root growth potential and root electrolyte leakage, is also described. Stresses most often happen in combination but there is relatively little information on their interactions. Examples of desiccation plus rough handling, cold storage plus desiccation, frost damage plus freeze storage and the triple stress of desiccation, heating and rough handling are presented. The limited evidence on the cumulative effect of stresses suggests tentatively that damage from rough handling does not accumulate in the same way as damage from desiccation and prolonged storage. Factors affecting stress resistance are briefly reviewed.There are three impediments to producing a critical review of the literature: experimental treatments, particularly of desiccation and rough handling, can rarely be directly compared; the impact of stress treatments can be modified by a large number of factors, and the levels of stress have seldom been quantified in normal forestry practice. The first two problems also make it difficult to formulate general statements concerning critical thresholds for the stresses. However, instruments are now available for measuring and monitoring stresses between lifting and planting and it is, in theory, possible to model the effects of these stresses to take account of the many factors that modify their impact on seedling survival and growth. This offers the possibility of significant improvements in our ability to predict the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on seedling performance.     

Tree size dependence of litter production, and above-ground net production in a young Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

The study was carried out in a 9-year-old hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.), stand over a span of three years from July 1992 to June 1995, primarily to predict litter production from exteral tree dimensions by combining open-top clothtrap and clipping methods. Litter production was virtually concentrated in October and November. Stem cross-sectional area at the crown base was proved to be the reliable predictor of litter production, and that single regression model was evolved irrespective of year. The regression model had proportional constants of 2.696 × 10⁻² and 3.540 × 10⁻² kg cm⁻² year⁻¹ for leaf litter and total litter production, respectively. Utilizing the model, leaf litter production of the stand was assessed to be 5.04, 5.12, and 4.99, and total litter production to be 6.48, 6.58, and 6.40 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the first, second and third year, respectively. Biomass increment was 6.67, 7.80, and 7.70, tree mortality was 0.15, 0.13, and 0.41, and insect grazing was 0.09, 0.05, and 0.002 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for the first, second and third year, respectively. Above-groud net production was therefore 13.39, 14.55, and 14.51, Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, and biomass accumulation ratio (biomass/net production) was 1.86, 2.21, and 2.76 year for the first, second and third year, respectively. Considering data from earlier studies and the results of this study, biomass accumulation ratio,BAR (year), of hinoki stands was best related to above-ground biomass,y (Mg ha⁻¹), using the power function:BAR=0.112y ^0.936. Excluding seedling stands, leaf efficiency (above-ground net production per unit leaf mass) of hinoki stands was 0.91±0.02 (SE) Mg Mg⁻¹ year⁻¹, irrespective of stand biomass or age.     

杜仲皮内杜仲胶形成积累的规律

为了弄清杜仲皮含胶率的年变化、逐年变化和垂直变化的特点和规律,为杜仲皮内杜仲胶的有效利用提供科学依据,2002年,在河南省嵩县杜仲综合试验示范基地进行了杜仲皮内杜仲胶形成积累的试验.试验方法为选择典型样株法和随机取样法;杜仲皮样品采集后均进行了发汗处理;采用杜仲胶综合提取法测定含胶率.试验结果表明:杜仲树皮含胶率在一年内的变化不明显;树龄为6 a以前的树皮其含胶率随树龄的增长而提高,树龄为6 a以后的树皮其含胶率有所下降并逐步趋于稳定;同一单株杜仲树皮的含胶率和杜仲胶的密度,随其主干高度的增加总体呈上升趋势;由于杜仲皮含胶率在一年中比较稳定,因而在不同的生长季节均可以取皮利用,且以树龄为6 a的杜仲皮最为适宜;由于树皮木栓层不含杜仲胶,随着树龄增加,树皮木栓层逐步形成,树皮含胶率降低,利用率随之降低.     

五台山华北落叶松人工林生物生产力与营养元素的积累*

在太行五台山地区，调查华北落叶松人工林林分１６块标准地，并测定了单株平均木各器官生物量及营养元素含量，拟合了华北落叶松林木各器官生物量随年龄变化的ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃｓ生长方程。试验表明：华北落叶松立木及林分生物量年平均生长随年龄呈抛物线变化，２４年生时达到高峰，而叶片对干材的净光合同化率１８年生时即达顶峰，约为４００ｇ／ｍ２。１５年生林木各器官主要营养元素总积累量，从大到小顺序为Ｎ、Ｃａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ，林分每公顷可积累以上五种营养元素的总量是８８８．９１ｋｇ。Ｎ为４０６．８６ｋｇ，其中叶片中Ｎ积累２１４．５６ｋｇ，占总Ｎ积累的５２．７４％；干中Ｎ积累５４．３５ｋｇ，占总Ｎ积累的１３．３６％。１５年生华北落叶松林分，生产１吨干物质即固定Ｎ３．５ｋｇ；而生产１ｍ２木材需固定Ｎ４．６ｋｇ；伐倒１ｍ３木材所消耗的Ｎ仅为０．６１１ｋｇ，占１ｍ３木材需固Ｎ总量的１３．３６％。     

日光温室内作物干物质积累预测新方法研究

介绍了一种有效结合神经网络和作物生长模型预测目光温室内作物干物质积累的方法，该方法既解决了经验模型的解释性和广适性差的缺点，又解决了机理模型难以理解和使用、输入多而输出欠稳定的不足。以有效光照积累和有效积温作为输入参数，以作物的干物质积累作为输出参数建立神经网络，利用大量实测数据对神经网络结构进行训练，建立作物干物质积累与有效光照累积和有效积温之间的关系，从而对干物质积累进行预测。并以目光温室内黄瓜为例，采用此方法对其进行干物质积累的预测，与实际测量结果相比较，误差率不超过10％。     

杜仲果实内杜仲胶形成积累规律的研究

采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法对杜仲果实含胶率的年变化及逐年变化特点和规律进行了研究。结果表明,杜仲果实内含胶特性的年变化特点可以划分为两个阶段：在果实基本停止生长以前,果皮和果实含胶率变化与果实的生长发育密切相关,果皮和果实含皎率随着果实的生长而迅速提高;在果实基本停止生长以后,含胶率提高缓慢。不同树龄杜仲果皮和果实的含胶率比较稳定。采用高接换雌建园和嫁接苗建园两种方式建立杜仲高产皎果园都具有十分明显的增产效果。     

油茶林生物量与养分生物循环的研究

对不同发育期油茶林生物量与养分的生物循环进行了研究。结果表明，从幼龄期至盛果期油茶林生物量逐步积累，盛果期生物量达到１６．１３９ｔ／ｈｍ２，其中经济生物量为１．７９８ｔ／ｈｍ２；不同发育期油茶林分的生产力不同，盛果期油茶林太阳能利用率最高，为０．２％；不同发育期油茶林光合产物在各器官的分配比例不同；不同发育期油茶林系统大量元素（Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ）的吸收量、存留量、归还量及输出量不同。并提出了油茶林系统施肥的监界量。     

福建柏人工林养分积累与分配的研究

1997年对安溪半林国有林场福建柏人工林的养分积累进行了研究。在连续坡面上福建柏人工林叶的N、P、K含量随坡位升高而降低 ,Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn则相反 ;养分积累量随坡位升高而缓慢下降。在生长过程中叶的N、P含量随年龄增大而降低 ,Ca、Mg则相反 ,K含量相对稳定 ;10年生、2 0年生时林木叶的养分积累量占全树的比重最大 ,由大到小的顺序为叶、根、干、枝、皮 ,而 30年生时林木根的养分积累量占全树的比重最大 ,由大到小的顺序为根、干、叶、枝、皮 ;营养元素的积累总量随年龄的增大而增加。在不同生长阶段 ,养分的积累与分配有所不同     

老爷山林场最佳积累率的灰色控制

从柯布·道格拉斯生产函数和劳动力增长函数开始，通过建立积累灰色状态方程及建立满足积累与消费同时达到最大的目标函数，动态地分析与预测了老爷山林场的最佳积累率。