基于α-乳白蛋白基因序列的牛奶过敏原PCR检测

采用收集牛奶中脱落体细胞的方法提取牛奶DNA,针对牛奶过敏原蛋白α-乳白蛋白基因序列设计引物α-La-F/R,筛选适宜的实验条件,建立了检测牛奶过敏原的PCR方法.结果表明:PCR反应的最佳退火温度为56.5℃,引物浓度0.15μmol/L,循环数35,进一步实验表明该方法特异性良好,检测灵敏度可达到0.04ng DNA.将建立的PCR方法应用于10种食品的牛奶过敏原检测,实验结果与商品标示一致,表明该方法具有较高的准确性和可靠性,适用于实际商品中牛奶过敏原的检测.     

甜瓜α–甘露糖苷酶基因促进果实成熟功能的瞬时表达分析

 为了研究α–甘露糖苷酶（α-Man）基因在甜瓜果实成熟过程中的功能,应用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达技术,分别将含有甜瓜α–甘露糖苷酶基因超表达载体pPZP221-Man、两个RNAi载体pART-Man1和pART-Man2的农杆菌菌液注射至甜瓜绿熟期果实,通过观察果实成熟表型初步鉴定该基因的功能。结果表明,菌液浓度OD₆₀₀ = 1.2时果实表型比率最高,在果实蒂部表型居多。α–甘露糖苷酶活性测定结果显示,与非注射部位相比,注射超表达载体部位的组织α–甘露糖苷酶活性较高,而注射RNAi载体的组织α–甘露糖苷酶活性较低。RT-qPCR结果显示,与非注射部位相比,注射pPZP221-Man的部位α-Man基因表达约是对照的1.2倍,而注射pART-Man1和pART-Man2的部位α-Man基因的表达均有所下降,分别是对照的47%和37%。同时对甜瓜果实成熟相关的6个候选基因在注射部位的表达情况进行了分析,结果显示,这些基因在注射超表达载体的果实部位均上调表达;而在注射两种RNAi载体的果实部位均下调表达。这些结果表明甜瓜α–甘露糖苷酶基因在果实成熟过程中具有促进成熟的作用。     

北方农牧交错带不同管理类型下草场治理效果研究

采用样方法选取6块草场:老封育草场(E)、中封育草场(E1)、新封育草场(E2)、天然草场(TR)、退耕还草(TG)和撂荒地(LH)对宁夏盐池不同管理类型下的的草场治理效果进行了研究.以重要值为基础,通过α多样性指数、β多样性指数以及生物量的比较,对不同管理类型下的草场治理效果进行综合评价.结果表明:(1) 不同草场类型中,天然草场由于人为干扰较小,SW多样性指数、SP优势度指数均为最好,均匀度指数以退耕还草为最大;(2) 退耕还草的群落组成最接近于天然草场;(3) 不同草场的地上生物量中,最大的为退耕还草,其次为天然草场,在围栏封育草场中,老封育区的地上生物量是最小的.围栏封育和退耕还草在当地草场恢复中都是行之有效的方式.随着围栏封育年限的延长,草场出现退化现象,其各多样性指标都比早期封育时低.相比较于围栏封育,退耕还草在当地的优越性更加明显.     

甘草总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用研究

为了研究甘草总黄酮对金葡菌的抗菌活性以及亚抑菌浓度的甘草总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素分泌的影响。首先,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了甘草总黄酮对6株金葡菌标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度;其次,采用溶血试验、蛋白免疫印迹试验以及荧光定量PCR试验分别在表型功能、蛋白表达和基因转录3个层次确证了其对α-溶血素表达的影响。结果表明：甘草总黄酮具有良好的抗金葡菌作用,其最小抑菌浓度范围为4~16 μg/mL,而亚抑菌浓度的甘草总黄酮能浓度依赖性地降低金葡菌α-溶血素的分泌。     

Constitutive expression of interferons in swine leukocytes

Interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ positive cells were revealed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) pigs. A low prevalence of IFN-γ positive cells was also detected in PBMC of some Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus-infected pigs and uninfected, control pigs. IFN-α positive cells showed phenotypes of both monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The presence of IFN-α in PBMC was also confirmed by Western blotting. By immunoprecipitation, IFN-α was detected as 32 and 55-57 kDa bands in PBMC of healthy SPF piglets. These samples were also IFN-γ positive; the cytokine was revealed as 24, 37 and 54 kDa bands. The unusual molecular mass values of intracellular interferons were probably due to oligomerization, as previously described for human IFN-α. Swine intracellular IFN-α displayed the expected antiviral activity on bovine MDBK cells. The results indicate that interferons are constitutively expressed in swine leukocytes with peculiar molecular features.     

Yak interferon-alpha loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for controlled release

To explore the potential of a novel animal interferon formulation for controlled release, the yak interferon-alpha (IFN-α) glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the purified recombinant IFN-α was encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by double emulsion solvent evaporation (w/o/w) method. The particle size and zeta potential of IFN-α-loaded SLN were 124.2 ± 10.2 nm and −11.2 ± 0.6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of IFN-α and loading capacity of the SLN were 83.7 ± 4.5% and 1.73 ± 0.15%, respectively. In vitro release study and antiviral assay demonstrated that the IFN-α released from the SLN in a 16-day period exhibited antiviral activity in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and showed a release pattern of an initial burst release followed by a sustained and slow release. Cytotoxicity assay in cell culture demonstrated that the SLN were not toxic. The results of this exploratory study suggest that the IFN-α-loaded SLN could be a useful formulation for controlled release in veterinary therapeutics.     

59份野生桑桑叶中的DNJ含量及粗提物对α-糖苷酶的抑制活性

对来自云南省不同地区的59份野生桑桑叶中的1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量,以及桑叶粗提物对淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶的体外抑制活性进行了测定,同时采用液-质联用(LC-MS)仪分离纯化桑叶粗提物中的DNJ,并对其抑制蔗糖酶的机制进行了初步研究,期望筛选出适用于治疗糖尿病药物开发的药用桑资源,以及为解析桑叶粗提物和纯化的桑叶DNJ抑制α-糖苷酶活性的机制提供线索。研究结果表明:不同来源的野生桑桑叶中的DNJ含量存在明显差异,其中来自开远地区的岩桑桑叶中DNJ的质量分数高达0.791 1%,是具有药用开发价值的野生桑资源;不同来源的野生桑桑叶粗提物对淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活力的体外抑制率差异显著,但抑制活性的大小与样品中的DNJ含量不成正比,推测桑叶中除含有DNJ外还含有具有明显的α-糖苷酶抑制活性的多种DNJ类似物;从野生桑桑叶粗提物中分离纯化的DNJ对淀粉酶无明显抑制活性,但对蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶有显著的抑制活性,对蔗糖酶表现为非竞争性抑制作用。     

洱源丛枝瑚杀虫活性成分研究

洱源丛枝瑚(Ramaria eryuanensis)石油醚萃取物经过柱层析得到单体化合物B8,该化合物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫72 h的LC50为3.375 7 mg/mL。经FAB-MS、1HNMR、13CNMR及DEPT等波谱鉴定,并与文献值对照,确定其为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇。     

Tumor necrosis factor-α and acute-phase proteins in early pregnant ewes after challenge with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide

Bacterial infection shortly after mating interferes with establishment of pregnancy. Injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS), a component of gram-positive bacteria, into sheep on day 5 after mating reduces pregnancy rate. Experiments were designed to evaluate the acute-phase response (APR) in ewes to injection of PG-PS on day 5 after mating (day 0). Catheters were inserted into the jugular and posterior vena cava on day 4. On day 5, ewes were challenged with saline or 30 μg/kg body weight (BW) PG-PS (Exp 1) or 60 μg/kg BW PG-PS (Exp 2). Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 6 h (Exp 1) and every 15 min for 2 h, hourly for 12 h, and at 24, 36, and 48 h (Exp 2). Body temperature and clinical signs of infection were monitored in Exp 2. Plasma was assayed for concentrations of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); 2 APR proteins, serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp); and progesterone (P₄). Ewes injected with 60 μg/kg BW PG-PS exhibited fever, vaginal discharge, loss of appetite, and lethargy. After challenge with either 30 μg/kg or 60 μg/kg BW PG-PS, TNF-α increased in the posterior vena cava. Concentrations of SAA and Hp in the jugular increased after challenge with 60 μg/kg BW PG-PS. Only half (5/10) of the ewes treated with 60 μg/kg BW PG-PS had ultrasonically visible embryos, and none of them had functional corpora lutea (CL) (<1 ng/mL of P₄) on day 21. On the other hand, 8/9 (88.9%) control ewes had visible embryos and all had functional CL on day 21. Using logistic regression, pregnancy on day 21 was predicted to depend on concentrations of TNF-α and Hp on day 5 and concentration of P₄ on day 14. In summary, injection of PG-PS on day 5 after mating resulted in fever; increased concentrations of TNF-α, Hp, and SAA on the day of and the day after the PG-PS challenge; and decreased concentrations of P₄ on days 14 and 21. These factors were related to failure to establish pregnancy.