环剥与不同环割方法对糯米糍荔枝增产效应的研究

对糯米糍荔枝进行螺旋环剥与不同方法环割研究螺旋环剥与不同的环割方法对糍米糯荔枝冬梢的控制促花、保果增产效应的影响。研究结果表明螺旋环剥和不同环割方法在控稍促花方面能有效的控制糯米糍荔枝冬梢的萌发与促进花和花穗的生成；在保果增产方面，螺旋环剥、环割2处与同株50%主干枝条环割2处都能增加糯米糍荔枝的果穗枝条数与株产量，但环割1处反而降低了糯米糍荔枝的果穗枝条数与株产量。     

不同灌水量对秸秆生物反应堆条件下番茄生长及产量的影响

为进一步完善秸秆生物反应堆技术的可操作性和实用性,通过在秋冬茬番茄上应用膜下滴灌的行下式玉米秸秆生物反应堆技术,分析不同灌水量对番茄生长指标及产量的影响。试验结果表明:常规灌水量下秸秆腐熟程度最好;667 m~2灌水量下浮30%较常规处理节水18.71 m~3、增产1 008.84 kg,节水增产效果明显。     

不同遮荫处理对草莓花芽分化和生长发育的影响

以“红颜”草莓作为试验材料，用遮光度为40%、60%、80%的遮阳网分别对草莓幼苗进行遮荫处理，研究遮荫对草莓花芽分化的影响。结果表明:遮荫对草莓花芽分化时期有明显影响，但不影响植株正常的生长发育。不同程度的遮荫处理都促进了草莓花芽的提早分化，其中遮荫度为40%的处理效果最好 ，比对照提早9 d开始花芽分化，其他处理均提早6 d开始花芽分化。     

内共生菌Buchnera对桃蚜生长发育的影响

为明确桃蚜内共生菌Buchnera aphidicola对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,为有效控制桃蚜提供新的思路,本试验以十字花科(萝卜)、茄科(辣椒)和葫芦科(黄瓜)蔬菜为试材,比较健康桃蚜和利福平处理后的桃蚜在3种蔬菜上的生长发育和繁殖情况。结果表明,不同浓度利福平处理后桃蚜Buchnera的DNAK基因表达量均显著降低;200μg·m L-1利福平处理后的桃蚜产蚜量、寿命和体重都显著低于健康桃蚜。说明桃蚜的内共生菌Buchnera在其生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用,降低内共生菌的量对桃蚜可产生不利影响。     

不同基础培养基对漏斗形马勃菌丝体生长的影响

[目的]研究漏斗形马勃在7种不同基础培养基上的生长情况。[方法]采用7种基础培养基进行试验,通过液体和固体培养,以菌丝体生物量及菌落直径为指标,确定漏斗形马勃的最佳基础培养基。[结果]最适合漏斗形马勃生长的基础培养基配方为玉米渣4%、蛋白胨0.3%、蔗糖2%、KH2PO41%、Mg SO40.05%。在28℃和摇床转速150 r/min条件下,液体培养5 d后的菌丝体干重为16.56 g/L。在28℃固体培养7 d,菌丝体鲜重和干重分别为16.47和2.27 g/L,菌落直径为4.49 cm。[结论]该研究为漏斗形马勃培养条件的进一步优化奠定了基础。     

不同施肥模式对‘企黑’墨兰生长影响研究

[目的]筛选盆栽墨兰适宜的施肥模式.[方法]根据墨兰体内氮、磷和钾含量的特点,结合目前生产者对墨兰进行施肥的主要模式及相关的文献资料,设计出8种施肥模式对‘企黑’墨兰进行生长的比较试验,测定26个形态和生理指标.[结果]不同施肥模式对墨兰生长的21个指标都存在显著性影响.[结论]综合各生长指标来看,对‘企黑’墨兰生长最优的施肥模式是:4、7和10月每袋各施1次N-P2O5-K2O=14-14-14的缓释肥8 g,同时在4～9月每半个月每袋淋施1次800倍液的N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10水溶肥150 ml,在10～12月每半个月每袋淋施1次800倍液的N-P2O5-K2O=15-5-30水溶肥150 ml.     

Estimation of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) leaf nitrogen content at different growth stages using canopy reflectance spectra

The estimation of crop nitrogen status in fresh vegetation leaf using field spectroscopy is challenging due to the weak responses on leaf/canopy reflectance and the overlapping with the absorption features of other compounds. Although the spectral indices were proposed in the literature to predict leaf nitrogen content (LNC), the performance of selected spectral indices to estimate the LNC is often inconsistent. Moreover, the models for nitrogen content estimation changed with the growth stage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of published indices, ratio of data difference index (RDDI) and ratio of data index (RDI) developed by band iterative-optimization algorithm in LNC estimation. The correlation analysis, linear regression and cross validation were used to analyze the relationship between spectral data and LNC and construct the best performed estimation model. The study was conducted by the data of five growing seasons of litchi from the orchards in Guangdong Province of China. Results showed that the relationship between chlorophyll (Chl) related spectral indices and LNC varied with the growth stage. Even in flower bud morphological differentiation stage and autumn shoot maturation stage, there were not significant correlations between the proposed spectral indices and LNC. Besides it is difficult to estimate the LNC by the general model across the growth stages due to the integrated effects of cultivar, biochemical, canopy structure, etc. The band iterative-optimization algorithm can improve the sensitivity of spectral data to LNC to some extent. The optimal RDDI performed better than other indices for the synthetic dataset and the dataset in each growth stage. And the sensitive bands selected in the optimal indices at each growth stage are not consistent, which are not only related to the Chl absorption but also other biochemical components, such as starch, lignin, cellulose, protein, etc. In general, the LNC can be estimated by the optimized CR-based RDDI indices in autumn shoot maturation stage, flower spike stage, fruit maturation stage, and flowering stage with the R² > 0.50 and RMSE < 0.14. Although there were the significant relationship between RDIs and RDDIs in flower bud morphological differentiation stage, the highest R²s of the model developed by RDDIs and RDIs were less than 0.50 in cross validation. This study indicated that the applicability of canopy reflectance to estimate litchi LNC was closely related to the growth stage of litchi. Growth stage-specific models will be preferred for estimating litchi LNC estimation.     

我国中小银行成长性综合评价研究

通过构建商业银行成长性评价体系，利用突变级数法对14家中小银行2007~2010年的成长性进行评价，得出中小银行具有振荡向上的成长趋势，且股份制银行整体成长性优于城市商业银行，但对于影响成长性的各因素，银行间的表现不尽相同。这表明中小银行还需调整经营管理思路来保证成长的稳健和持续。     

有机无机生物活性肥料施用技术对蔬菜作物生长及产量的影响

田间试验结果表明:施用有机无机生物活性肥料能明显提高蔬菜作物长势,提高甘蓝抗根腐和烂心病能力。在等氮条件下,与常规对照相比产量基本持平,差异并不显著;但每666.7m2可节约成本24元左右,幅度达30,7%。椐统计分析,甘蓝最佳施肥置以100kg/666,7m2为宜,此用量可比常规对照增产9.3%,每666.7m2增加收入295元。在施用总量不变的条件下,减少有机无机生物活性肥料基肥比例,甘蓝则有碱产趋势。     

燕麦饲草多组分营养差异分析

为挖掘利用高营养燕麦饲草种质资源,将源自以色列不同地区的23份野生燕麦生态型和3份燕麦栽培品种种植于四川甘孜、贵州贵阳、四川成都3个环境,分别在抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期进行刈割处理,并测定其酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(F)、半纤维素(HF)、木质素(L)、洗涤纤维中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)、粗蛋白(CP)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、可溶性糖(WSC)含量以及鲜干比(FDR)。方差和相关性网络分析结果表明,不同生态型和品种在不同地区、不同生育期和不同营养成分含量间存在差异;从燕麦抽穗期至成熟期,CP、TP、TK以及WSC含量逐渐降低,其他营养物质含量逐渐上升。作为饲草,甘孜州生长的燕麦CP、TP、TK以及WSC含量比其他地区高。