丙酮酸钙对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响

为探讨丙酮酸钙对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响。利用气相色谱法测定挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量；采用酚-次氯酸比色法测定NH3-N活性；考马斯亮蓝（G250）比色法测定瘤胃微生物粗蛋白（MCP）含量。结果发现动物试验和体外试验结果基本一致，丙酮酸钙不影响山羊瘤胃内环境pH值，提高乙酸含量（56.91±0.68 vs 61.68±0.79，P<0.01）降低瘤胃液中NH3-N浓度(3.620±0.24 vs 3.540 ±0.13，mM/L)，抑制蛋白质在瘤胃内的降解(1135.81±34.92 vs 1225.05±49.47，mg/L)。所以添加丙酮酸钙对瘤胃的代谢有显著的促进作用。     

蔬菜地土壤重金属酸消解测定方法研究初探

【研究目的】从几种常见的土壤酸消解方法中选择出一种适合于蔬菜地土壤消解的高效、安全、经济的方法;【方法】采用HNO3-HClO4-HF、HNO3-HClO4、王水-HClO4、HNO3等不同的酸消解方法对蔬菜地土壤进行消解,通过对Cr、Pb、As、Hg4种重金属元素浓度的测定,然后对这4种消解方法进行实验比较;【结论】HNO3-HClO4消解法是一种适合于蔬菜地土壤特点的酸消解方法;采用三步消解法即可以使蔬菜地土壤样品达到较完全的消解。     

几种凯氏加速剂对植物全氮消煮时间和结果的比较分析

探讨了几种凯氏加速剂对植物全氮的消煮测定情况,浓H2SO4分别加入K2SO4 CuSO4、H2O2、K2SO4 CuSO4 Se和Na2SO4 Se对苜蓿、高丹草、狼尾草、油菜花粉等4种植物材料进行消煮和测定,统计结果表明:消煮液在380℃消煮清亮后继续加热120 min,测定的全氮差异显著,K2SO4 CuSO4、K2SO4 CuSO4 Se和Na2SO4 Se分解出的氮较多,加入H2O2氧化分解出的氮少;含Se的加速剂消煮所需时间最短,H2SO4加入H2O2消化速度最慢;样品消煮清亮后应继续加热40 min以上;用Na2SO4 Se作加速剂代替H2SO4 H2O2可同时测定植物氮磷钾。     

Effect of neutral detergent soluble fibre on digestion, intestinal microbiota and performance in twenty five day old weaned rabbits

The effect of neutral detergent soluble fibre (NDSF) level on digestibility, fermentation traits, intestinal microbiota and performance was studied in weaned rabbits. A control diet (DA) containing 103 g NDSF/kg DM included dehydrated alfalfa as the main source of fibre. Another diet (B-AP) was formulated by replacing half of the dehydrated alfalfa with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g NDSF/kg DM. A third diet (OH) was obtained by substituting half of the dehydrated alfalfa with a mix of oat hulls and a soybean protein concentrate and contained 79 g NDSF/kg DM. All diets contained similar levels of total fibre (NDSF + neutral detergent fibre), starch and protein (446, 208, and 199 g/kg DM, respectively). Forty-two rabbits (14/diet) weaned at 25 days were used to determine faecal digestibility from 32 to 35 days of age. This group, plus another nine rabbits/diet (23/diet), were used to determine weight of stomach and caecum and their contents, caecal fermentation traits and similarity rate (SR) of intestinal microbiota. Another 105 and 245 weaned rabbits were used to determine growth traits and mortality, respectively. From 25 to 39 days of age, rabbits were fed the experimental diets and from 39 to 60 days they were fed a commercial diet, including robenidine hydrochloride in all diets. Drinking water was supplemented with apramicine sulfate and tylosine tartrate throughout the experimental period. Faecal and energy digestibility increased linearly by 8% and NDF digestibility by 43% between extreme diets with NDSF inclusion (P < 0.001). Weight of total gastrointestinal tract decreased linearly and quadratically with NDSF reduction (P = 0.008 and P = 0.089, respectively). Stomach pH decreased linearly with increasing levels of NDSF (P ≤ 0.041). Weight of caecal contents increased linearly between animals fed OH and B-AP diets (P < 0.001). Level of inclusion of NDSF had no effect (P ≥ 0.12) on pH, VFA concentration and VFA molar proportions in caecal contents. Treatments appeared to influence the SR of caecal microbiota but a lesser effect was observed on ileal microbiota. Post weaning feed efficiency (25–39 days) increased linearly (P < 0.001) with NDSF inclusion by 10% between extreme diets, and by 3% in the whole fattening period (P = 0.027). Average feed intake during the post weaning (25–39 days) and the whole fattening period increased with NDSF reduction (P ≤ 0.079). No effect of NDSF was detected on average daily gain (P ≥ 0.15). Mortality decreased linearly with increasing levels of NDSF in the post weaning and in the whole fattening period (P = 0.086 and 0.016, respectively).     

Feeding value of ensiling fresh cattle manure with molasses or bakery by-products in lambs

Ensiling fresh dairy cattle manure (CM), corn stover, molasses (MO) or bakery by-products (BBP), as a viable method to produce good quality silage was evaluated. Silages composition was as follows: 1) molasses silage: CM, corn stover and molasses; and 2) BBP silages: CM, corn stover, and BBP. A low (250 g/kg dry matter) and a high (500 g/kg dry matter) level of CM with MO or BBP silages were incorporated in diets, and compared with a control diet (without CM silage) in lambs. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) of dry matter (DM) intake and a quadratic increase of fiber digestion. Linear decrease (P < 0.05) in acetate to propionate ratio was observed with increased concentrations of MO or BBP in silages. Increasing MO silage caused a linear reduction of N intake and retained N, as well as a linear increase of fecal N. There were quadratic effects of BBP silage level on N intake, urine and retained, being the lowest values observed with the low level of BBP silage. Addition of BBP silages (250 or 500 g/kg DM) bring higher DM intake and total tract digestion of fiber, as compared to those diets without CM silage.     

水提五倍子对鳙鱼消化机能的影响

[目的]探讨水提五倍子对鳙鱼肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性及肠道发育的影响。[方法]在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、0.50%(试验组Ⅰ)、1.00%(试验组Ⅱ)、2.00%(试验组Ⅲ)的水提五倍子,研究不同浓度的水提五倍子对鳙鱼肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性及肠道绒毛与隐窝深度比值(V/C)的影响。[结果]15 d,试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ、试验组Ⅲ胰蛋白酶活性较对照组均有所降低,但差异不显著(P0.05);30 d,各试验组胰蛋白酶活性均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);45 d,各试验组胰蛋白酶活性均有所升高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。15 d,试验组Ⅱ、试验组Ⅲ脂肪酶活性与对照组、试验组Ⅰ差异显著(P0.05);30 d,试验组Ⅱ脂肪酶活性较15 d提高了11.11%,试验组Ⅲ脂肪酶活性较对照组提高了16.04%;45 d,各试验组脂肪酶活性均有所上升,试验组Ⅱ脂肪酶活性最高。15 d,各试验组淀粉酶活性均高于对照组,其中试验组Ⅱ淀粉酶活性最高;30 d和45 d各试验组淀粉酶活性与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。45 d,试验组Ⅱ前肠绒毛高度、后肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值均高于其他3组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]在基础饲料中添加水提五倍子,可以促进鳙鱼胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的分泌,改善肠道黏膜结构,其最适添加量为1.00%。     

草原红牛及肉用群体饲料养分消化率和血液生化指标差异性研究

利用草原红牛、肉用群体(含1/4利木赞血草原红牛)作为试验牛种,按营养水平分为高、低营养水平组,对各组饲料营养消化率和血液生化指标进行测定。消化试验结果表明:肉用群体高营养组能量和粗蛋白的消化率极显著高于低营养组(p0.01),高营养组粗脂肪和粗纤维消化率极显著低于低营养组(p0.01);在高营养水平下,肉用群体粗蛋白消化率显著高于草原红牛(p0.05),肉用群体粗脂肪消化率极显著低于草原红牛(p0.01)。血液指标的测定结果表明:肉用群体高营养组谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量极显著高于低营养组(p0.01);在高营养水平下,肉用群体谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量极显著高于草原红牛(p0.01);在低营养水平下,肉用群体葡萄糖含量极显著高于草原红牛(p0.01)。且各血液指标均在正常范围内。遗传因素和营养水平在谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性上存在一定的互作效应。肉用群体的平均日增重随日粮能量和蛋白质水平的提高而提高。