小肽的吸收与转运及其营养作用

随着动物营养学研究的发展,蛋白质营养的研究也在逐步深入,由原来的粗蛋白营养发展到氨基酸营养,进一步发展到现在的小肽营养。本文就小肽的吸收、转运、营养及其在动物生产中的应用,以及目前小肽研究领域中存在的问题等方面进行阐述。     

赤霉素和细胞激动素对白刺种子萌发的调控研究

为探讨白刺种子萌发特性,采用不同浓度赤霉素和细胞激动素处理方法,测定了白刺种子生活力、吸水率、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和萌发指数.结果表明:浸种最初的2 h是白刺种子的迅速吸水期,整个吸水过程呈快--慢--缓慢规律.赤霉素和细胞激动素处理对白刺种子萌发有明显调控作用.150 mg·kg-1的赤霉素处理24 h,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、种子生活力最高,300 mg·kg-1赤霉素处理的发芽势,发芽率、发芽指数最低.6 mg·kg-1细胞激动素处理白刺种子1 h,其发芽势、发芽率,发芽指数、种子生活力均最高,而10 mg·kg-1细胞激动素处理白刺种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均最低.     

不同消解方法对原子吸收光谱法测定三七中重金属铜的影响

[目的]研究不同消解方法对原子吸收光谱法测定三七中重金属铜的影响。[方法]以云南文山三七为材料,分析研究了干法灰化、湿法消解前处理样品对原子吸收光谱法测定三七中重金属铜含量的影响。[结果]干法灰化的最佳条件为灰化温度600℃、灰化时间4 h;在此条件下,测定出三七中铜含量为3.221μg/g。常压下湿法消解的最佳消解体系为HNO3-HClO4-H2O2;在此条件下,测定出三七中铜含量为3.721μg/g。[结论]原子吸收光谱法简单准确、快捷,可用于三七中重金属铜的含量测定。云南文山三七粉中重金属铜含量符合国家《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》。     

沼气同时脱硫脱碳过程模拟

[目的]模拟沼气同时脱硫脱碳过程模型的建立。[方法]采用Aspen流程模拟软件建立了沼气同时脱硫脱碳的过程模型,以此为基础考察了吸收剂流量、浓度、温度和塔器的操作压力、塔板数等因素对脱除效率的影响。[结果]吸收剂MDEA的体积流量和浓度对沼气中H2S和CO2的脱除率有直接的影响;考虑到脱除成本,采用相对较低的MDEA浓度,最佳质量分数为10%左右;温度升高,吸收速率降低,低温更有利于吸收脱碳操作。增加吸收塔的操作压力能够提高H2S和CO2的脱除率,对H2S具有较高的选择性;对于含硫量偏高的沼气,增加操作压力,有助于提高处理效果。吸收塔板数对脱硫脱碳效果的影响不明显,一般采取11块板左右能够达到分离要求。[结论]该模拟结果对工业规模的吸收塔的设计和运行具有参考意义。     

HPD-400大孔树脂分离纯化栀子黄色素的工艺研究

[目的]研究大孔树脂分离纯化栀子黄色素的工艺条件。[方法]以9种大孔树脂为对象,考察其对栀子黄色素的吸附和洗脱性能的影响,筛选出适合吸附和分离黄色素的大孔树脂,并考察温度、酸度等因素对HPD-400吸附能力的影响,优选出分离纯化的最佳工艺条件。[结果]HPD-400对栀子黄色素的吸附能力最强,最佳吸附工艺条件为:温度25℃、pH为3.0、粗提液浓度A440 nm为0.590;最佳洗脱工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%,温度25℃。[结论]HPD-400树脂分离纯化栀子色素的效果良好,可在工业上应用。     

6-BA在葡萄植株体内的运转和分配

以葡萄为试材,研究了葡萄根、茎、叶、果等器官对6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)的吸收及它在植株内的运转和分配。结果表明,对1年生葡萄幼苗茎部引入或叶片涂抹6-BA,1h后,在植株所有部位都有分布,其中以茎尖和根部浓度较高,表现为快速、非极性的运输特性。茎部引入5d之内,植株根内6-BA呈持续升高趋势,茎尖内6-BA虽然有波动,但是最后仍达到最大;而叶片涂抹则在涂抹后5h时,全株各部位6-BA浓度达到最大,5d后,除引入叶片外,其它部位几乎测不到6-BA。盛花后30d,果穗浸蘸和穗轴引入6-BA,2h后,果皮、果肉、种子中6-BA浓度达到高峰,以后逐渐下降,果穗浸蘸30d后,果实各部位均已测不到6-BA,穗轴引入30d后,果皮和果肉内仍能测到6-BA,但种子内已测不到。     

Creep feed intake during lactation enhances net absorption in the small intestine after weaning

The aim of the study was to measure the effect of creep feeding during lactation on net absorption in the small intestine at 4 days after weaning. Intermittent suckling was used to increase creep feed intake during lactation. Creep feed containing chromic oxide was provided. Based on the colour of the faeces, piglets were classified as ‘eaters’ or ‘non-eaters’, respectively. At day 4 after weaning, an in vivo small intestine segment perfusion test was performed at 5 sites along the small intestine in 24 piglets (12 eaters and 12 non-eaters). At both sides of each intestinal segment a tube was fitted to perfuse and drain fluid in order to assess net absorption. Net absorption was higher in eaters than in non-eaters (P < 0.001). Net absorption varied greatly between and within piglets and was highest in the caudal segments of the small intestine (P < 0.001). These data suggest that creep feeding could be a useful tool in the prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea.     

Caco-2细胞模型及其在营养素小肠吸收机理研究中的应用

Caco-2细胞源自人结肠癌细胞,体外培养时能自发地进行类似肠道细胞的形态学和生化学上的分化,获得许多小肠吸收细胞的特性,如形成微绒毛结构;在细胞表面形成良好的刷状缘;在细胞间形成紧密连接;分泌水解酶以及合成转运糖、氨基酸和药物等的载体转运系统。由培养在微孔滤膜上的Caco-2细胞构建的模型为研究营养素在小肠的吸收机理提供了一个有效且易于操作的实验手段。本文主要综述了Caco-2细胞模型的建立、特征、检测及其在氨基酸、维生素、核苷和微量元素等营养素小肠吸收机理研究中的应用。     

外源氯对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收、利用的影响

 研究了不同水平外源氯处理对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) 干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Cl^- 、NO₃^- 、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明: 一定范围( 6.25～100 nmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源氯处理, 不降低番茄生物量甚至促进生物量, 并可明显提高番茄幼苗对钾、镁、磷的吸收和氮素利用效率, 而200、300 mmol·L ^{- 1} Cl^- 处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。     

A nonlinear, dynamic, simulation model for transport, and whole plant allocation of systemic xenobiotics following foliar application. IV: Physicochemical properties requirements for optimum absorption and translocation

The relationship between the physicochemical properties (molar volume, partition coefficient, and dissociation constant) of slow-acting systemic postemergence xenobiotics and their uptake and translocation to the sites of action was investigated using the nonlinear, dynamic simulation model ERMESSE. When the pK_a was held constant at 4.0, the model enables the prediction of the uptake of a systemic xenobiotic as a function of its partition coefficient and molar volume. The model also considered the effects of the physicochemical properties of a systemic xenobiotic on its long-distance translocation within the vascular tissues. For instance, when the log K_ow and pK_a were held constant at 1.5 and 6.0, respectively, the model predicted a higher translocation rate (55%) for molecules with a small (e.g., MV = 100 cm³ mol⁻¹) as opposed to a large (e.g., MV = 300 cm³ mol⁻¹, 33%) molar volume. In addition, the theoretical predictions from the ERMESSE model showed that any xenobiotic with a molar volume not exceeding 300 cm³ mol⁻¹ could provide an uptake ?50% and a translocation rate ?25% when its log K_ow is between −0.5 and 2.5 and its pK_a is between 0.0 and 8.0.