TST—200型粘土撒布机的研制

本文重点介绍了ＴＳＴ－２００型粘土撒布机的结构及工作原理，该机械作业可大大提高劳动生产率，降低撒土成本，保证作业质量，对林区砂石路面的养护有着现实和长远和重要意义。     

国营黄泛区农场冬小麦产量逐年提高的经验

该场位于河南省西华、扶沟县境,这个地区是1939年蒋介石匪帮在花园口炸开黄河大堤时所造成的黄河泛区的一部分,土壤是比较瘠薄的黄河冲积土,有机质含量只有0.48—0.6%。年降雨量为800—900毫米,全年雨量分布不均匀,多集中7、8两月。秋季经常发生干旱。加上当地土壤结构差,保墒困难,如果耕作稍有不当,就会严重的影响小麦播冲和保苗。该场自1952年开始种植小麦以来。由于不断     

低湿粘土地小麦高产栽培技术

低湿粘土地小麦高产栽培技术文联齐，吴传俭，张敬武，刘建秋（微山县农技站２７７６００）微山县粮作区，地势低洼，地下水埋深年平均２～４米，一般年内变幅０．８～１．２米（低山丘陵区除外），近湖洼地多在１米左右，土质多粘重，活化程度低，养分含量不协调。小麦常...     

粘土—黄曲霉素的克星

美国东南部部分地区的气候条件利于孳生黄曲霉菌,饲料容易出现黄曲霉素污染,几乎年年如此。过去十年里,由于干旱,饲料黄曲霉素污染的频度和危害性日趋严重,更引起人们的关注。有报道表明:家禽日粮中补加水合硅铝酸钠钙(HSCA)能克服黄曲霉素对生长的作用。据此,笔者进行了一系列试验,通过日粮营养调节和加入不同类型粘土等措施观察其对摄入含黄曲霉素日粮猪只生产性能的影响。试验一。证实了在含有840PPb 黄曲霉素的最近断奶仔猪日粮中补加了 HSCA 确能获得生长反应。本文就仔猪日粮(含黄曲霉素)中添加不同类型粘土的研究总结。试验动物为25～30     

沙滩鱼池防渗改造

我县6座大中型水库和1座小(一)型水库由于土地条件所限，鱼种池都建在主坝下游主河道沙滩上，共有沙滩鱼池196亩。鱼池漏水漏肥，培育不出规格大数量多的鱼种，遇到干旱年份，地下水位下降，有些鱼池不能养鱼。1979年以来，我们对尹府、黄同、黄山3座水库鱼池，采用三种防渗措施，改造了86亩。现将沙滩鱼池防渗的试验报告如下。     

新西兰北部潮湿草地上施氮的经济回报

两个独立的试验证明了在爱尔兰北部不同类型的潮湿草地上施哪种氮肥经济效益最好。每个试验分四个处理,三次重复。四个处理分别是：硫代硝酸铵（ＡＳＮ）、硫酸铵（ＳＯＡ）、尿素和对照。在中冬季节,每个 处理都施以３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 的纯Ｎ。在Ｗ ｈａｒｅｋｏｈｅ 淤泥沃土型草地试验中,ＳＯＡ效益最好,增产部分的氮肥成本是每千克干物质４．２ 分,尿素是６．３ 分,ＡＳＮ 是７．３ 分。在海积粘土型草地试验中,尿素效益最好,增产部分的成本是每千克干物质９．６ 分,ＳＯＡ 是１３．８ 分,ＡＳＮ是２７．５ 分。显而易见,在北方潮湿的条件下,ＡＳＮ 既没有ＳＯＡ 在易滤过的土壤型草地上效益那么好,也没有尿素在缺硫的土壤中那么经济。     

中国福建省土壤的主要粘土矿物

The clay minerals of more than 200 soil samples collected from various sites of Fujian Province were studied by the X-ray diffraction method and transmission electron microscopy to study their distribution and evolution.Montmorillonite was found in coastal solonchak,paddy soils derived from marine deposit,lacustrine deposit and river deposit,and some lateritic red soil,red soil and yellow soil with a low weathering degree.Chlorite existed mainly in coastal solonchak and paddy soil developed from marine deposit.1.4nm intergradient mineral appeared frequently in yellow soil,red soil and lateritic red soil.The content of 1.4nm intergradient mineral increased with the decrease of weathering degree from lateritic red soil to red soil to yellow soil.Hydrous micas were more in coastal solonchak,paddy soils derived from marine deposit,lacustrine deposit and river deposit.and puple soil from purple shale than in other soils.Kaolinte was the most important clay mineral in the soils iun this province.The higher the soil weathering degree,the more the kaolinite existed.From yellow soil to red soil to lateritic red soil,kaolinite increased gradually,Kaolinite was the predominant clay mineral accompanied by few other minerals in typical lateritic red soil. Tubular halloysite was a widespread clay mineral in soils of Fujian Province with varying quantities.The soil derived from the paent rocks rich in feldspar contained more tubular halloysite.Spheroidal halloysite was found in a red soil and a paddy soil developed from olivine basalt gibbsite in the soils in this district was largely“primary gibbsite” which formed in the early weathering stage.Gibbsite decreased with the increase of weathering degree from yellow soil to red soil to lateritic red soil.Goethite also decreased in the same sequence while hematite increased.     

有机酸对高岭石, 针铁矿和水铝英石吸附镉的影响

Effects of organic acids （oxalic, acetic, and citric） on adsorption characteristics of Cadmium （Cd） on soil clay minerals （kaolinite, goethite, and bayerite） were studied under different concentrations and different pH values. Although the types of organic acids and minerals were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption of Cd on the minerals were similar, i.e., the amount of adsorbed Cd with an initial solution pH of 5.0 and initial Cd concentration of 35 mg L^-1 increased with increasing concentration of the organic acid in solution at lower concentrations, and decreased at higher concentrations. The percentage of Cd adsorbed on the minerals in the presence of the organic acids increased considerably with increasing pH of the solution. Meanwhile, different Cd adsorption in the presence of the organic acids, due to different properties on both organic acids and clay minerals, on kaolinite, goethite, or bayerite for different pHs or organic acid concentrations was found.     

土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展

土壤中各种形态的钾之间存在着动态的平衡,这些平衡受一定因素的影响。本文主要从粘土矿物类型、土壤水分状况、温度、pH、肥料施用以及陪伴离子等方面对土壤钾素转化的影响因素进行了综述,可以归纳为:①以2∶1型粘土矿物为主的土壤吸附K 的结合能较小,易解吸;而以1∶1型粘土矿物为主的土壤吸附K 的结合能较大,吸附的K 不易解吸。②土壤干湿变化对钾素转化的影响因速效钾含量的高低而有明显的区别。③在0~40℃温度范围内,增温能使交换性钾离子减少,而水溶性钾离子浓度则相应增加。④pH对土壤钾素转化的影响比较复杂。⑤氮肥中的NH4 因与K 离子具有相似的离子半径和水化能而对土壤钾素的有效性产生显著的影响。最后展望了钾素转化领域未来的发展方向和研究热点。     

土壤入渗过程中空气压力变化规律的研究

用测压入渗仪对重粉质粘土进行了模型试验，同时根据试验结果，分析研究了垂直—维均匀土壤内气阻压力的变化规律。