早熟灵对脐橙产量和品质的效应

研究了早熟灵对５￣７ａ生脐橙产量和品质的效应,３ａ的结果表明,８月中旬喷施１次３００ｍｇ／Ｌ或２００ｍｇ／Ｌ的早熟灵,与对照组相比能明显提早果实着色,鲜果中维生素Ｃ含量提高２２．２８％和１５．８６％,可溶性固形物增加４．５５％,柠檬酸含量降低３０．００％,固酸比提高４８．６９％和５１．６％,产量提高２３．７％和２５．１％。     

Effect of dairy slurry application on soil compaction and corn (Zea mays L.) yield in Southern Wisconsin

As stocking rates on Wisconsin dairy farms continue to increase, one possible nutrient management solution is to haul slurry to nearby grain farmer's fields. Although the nutrient and soil building benefits of manure are well known, many grain farmers are hesitant to apply manure on their fields due to potential soil compaction. Studies were initiated to evaluate the effects of tanker-applied slurry on soil compaction and corn (Zea mays L.) yield. An on-station trial was established to address the issues of compaction caused by manure tankers, repeated traffic associated with field headlands, and the possible ameliorating effect of manure itself on corn yield. In addition, 15 replicated on-farm trials were established to evaluate the impact of single pass manure applications on soil compaction and yield. These predominately fall applications were conducted when the host farmer felt that the soil would support tanker traffic. Due to its portability and instrument sensitivity, compactness was evaluated with a data-logging hand held penetrometer.Results from the on-station trial indicate that multiple passes did increase compactness above single-pass traffic and the check. The slurry itself did not attenuate the effect of traffic on soil compaction, nor on yield. Despite yield reductions estimated from in-track samples in both years of 6% (one-pass traffic) and 22% (six-pass traffic) in this study, whole plot corn yields were not reduced due to compaction. The on-farm trials indicated that manure application technique does affect compaction patterns; with broadcast application resulting in less area trafficked by the tanker than injection application, and therefore less area compacted. The narrower gauge truck tires used at some sites led to significantly higher penetrometer readings compared to the control, but this was not the case at sites with wider tractor tires. As in the on-station work, although compaction led to higher penetrometer readings, whole plot corn yields in compacted plots were not adversely affected compared to the control. These results suggest that, in the first year after slurry application, on predominantly prairie derived soils; well-timed applications of dairy slurry do not cause extensive soil compaction nor a reduction in corn yields. This study did not look at the potential residual effects that may positively (>soil organic matter) or negatively (residual soil compaction) impact subsequent crops.     

娄底市农业气候资源与油菜产量的特征研究

利用娄底市常规气象观测资料和娄底市油菜产量统计资料,对1981～2010年娄底市油菜不同生育期的气温、降水量和日照时数进行主分量分析定义出气候综合指标,再通过Morlet小波变换对气候综合指标和油菜产量进行多时间尺度特征分析。结果表明:娄底市油菜不同生育期气候综合指标均由前两个主分量贡献产生,并存在明显的多时间尺度特征;娄底市油菜全生育期气候综合指标和油菜产量各自所反映的多时间尺度特征具有相似性。     

不同种类重金属胁迫对两种小麦产量及构成因素的影响

以当前农业研究的热点领域——重金属污染为切入点,研究了大田Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cr5种重金属胁迫对小麦(郑麦9023、小偃22)籽粒产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明重金属胁迫下,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cr重金属对产量三要素中单位面积群体穗数的影响最大,其次为穗粒数,对千粒重的影响最小;单位面积群体穗数对重金属Cr、Pb最为敏感,在旱田偏碱性的土壤上,Cr、Pb胁迫对小麦单位面积的群体穗数影响的临界含量分别约为187.5mg.kg-1和175mg.kg-1。对两个小麦品种的籽粒产量影响不同,郑麦9023籽粒产量依次为Cr2相似文献   

晋北绿豆主要经济性状对籽粒产量的影响

试验以11个全国绿豆品种为材料,进行主要经济性状对籽粒产量的相关分析。结果表明,单株荚数增多和植株的增高有利于籽粒产量的增加,籽粒产量随着开花至结荚天数的增加而提高,随着一级分枝的增加籽粒产量降低,缩短结荚至成熟天数有利于籽粒产量的增加,籽粒产量与其它性状相关不密切。因此,选择高植株和增加结荚数量是提高籽粒产量的主要途径。通过增加开花至结荚天数,可间接提高籽粒产量,减少结荚至成熟天数和一级分枝数亦可间接提高籽粒产量。适宜晋北地区种植的绿豆品种为郑绿9号、洮9947-6、汾绿豆2号。     

Differential effect of nematicide treatments on tuber yields in early- and late-maturing potato cultivars

A 3-year field study examined the effects of 1,3-dichloropropene or oxamyl on tuber yields in four early- and five late-maturing potato cultivars. The nematicide treatments increased total tuber yield by ≈ 12% for early-maturing cultivars, but by less than 2% for the late-maturing cultivars. The treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans ), which were the dominant plant parasitic nematodes at the site. Covariance analysis indicated that treatment effects on total tuber yield were no longer significant after adjusting for root lesion nematodes in soil at harvest, confirming that these nematodes had a direct effect on the host. As expected, there were significant inverse relationships ( P  = 0·05) between total tuber yields and numbers of root lesion nematodes in soil and in roots. However, the application of nematicides in late-maturing cultivars was found to be of no practical value. Crop production systems designed to reduce or optimize pesticide applications can form one criterion in the development of more environmentally sensitive management strategies. The merit of utilizing chemicals for root lesion nematode control are considered with regard to cultivar maturity.     

四川省2种生境条件下黑麦草种子生产性能的研究

对四川省的丘陵区(洪雅)和中山地区(汉源)2种生境条件下的黑麦草种子生产性能进行了研究分析,结果表明,试验两地的种子产量和质量均有显著差异.其中,洪雅点种子产量为244.0 kg/hm2,汉源点的种子产量为532.8 kg/hm2.两样地的种子质量相比,汉源点的发芽势、发芽率、四唑染色数和四唑脱氢酶均高于洪雅点.两地的种子产量与其构成因素的相关性基本一致,均呈显著相关;相关性强弱依次为:每生殖枝种子数>生殖枝数>每生殖枝小花数>分蘖数>每生殖枝小穗数>千粒重.每生殖枝种子数对种子产量贡献最大.     

UV-B增加对几种不同作物影响程度的种间比较

采用大田群体试验方法,研究了UV-B增加对小麦、大豆、棉花及玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明,UV-B强度增加1.00W·m-2,不同作物对紫外线UV-B增加的敏感性存在很大的差异。作物的产量和反应指数均表明,作物对紫外线增加的敏感性为棉花>大豆>小麦>玉米。初步分析了不同作物对紫外线敏感差异的区别。     

6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果

分别从烟草生长发育、生长量和主要经济性状等方面研究6%抗坏血酸水剂对烟草的增产效果.结果表明,该药被烟叶吸收后,参与烟草生理生化全过程,促进烟草生长发育;烟草根系发达、植株变高、茎变粗、光合作用效率增强、叶绿素及抗坏血酸含量增加;上等烟率、橘黄烟率较对照提高20%～30%;改善烟叶的品质,平均增产20%,增收2250～3000元·hm-2.