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51.
鄂尔多斯高原北部沙区主要植被类型下土壤要素的空间分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鄂尔多斯北部沙区存在着极为显著的风沙地貌,在此格局基础之上,特别是在植被与土壤的相互响应过程中,二者的相互关系逐渐密切,这种反馈作用使得该区域的植被与土壤要素形成的空间分布格局具有一定的耦合性。研究这种关系可以为该地区保护植被和合理利用土地资源提供科学依据。 相似文献
52.
Chen Zhonglin 《保鲜与加工》1991,(1)
This paper suggests that the actual sky,with the exception of a few par-ticular weather conditions,such as rain and snowstorm in which artificial lighting is needed.The sky can bc divided into four types according to their sunlight conditions and sky luminance distrbutions,they arc clear sky,pscudc-clear sky,pseudo-overcast sky and
overcast sky.It is inadequate to classify sky merely from cloudage and to affirm that all sky conditions except clear and overcast belong to only one type.From the viewpoint of statis-tical average over many years,when sun disk is covered with cloud,luminance distribution of the sky resembles that of overcast sky,and when there is no cloud over sun disk,it is sim-ilar to that of clear sky.The luminance distributions of pscudo-clear sky and pseudo-over-cast sky are quite.In pseudo-overcatssky,the maximum skydifferent.In pseudo-clear sky,it gets maximum sky luminence can not appear in the region around the sun in considera-tion of the problem from the viewpoint of statistial average over many years.Furthermore,the differences of horizont.al diffuse illuminancc between pseudo-clear and pseudl-ouercast
sky are obvious.Therefore it is more suitable to study all kinds of skies,that is pseudo-clear and pseudo-overcast sky. 相似文献
53.
Yield and adaptation of hexaploid spring triticale 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary Gains in yield and stability were analysed using grain yield data from the 8th to the 14th International Triticale Yield Nursery (ITYN) and differences in adaptation between complete and substituted triticales (X Triticosecale Wittmack) were examined. A trend of improving yield and adaptation was observed. As highly significant genotype × site interaction each year was not adequately described using regression analysis, yield stability was examined by ranking genotypes within sites and summarizing scores for individual genotypes across sites. Cluster analysis was used to study the relationships among sites and among genotypes. There was little evidence of sites grouping on a geographical basis. Grouping of genotypes showed a tendency for complete and substituted triticales to perform differently, suggesting that diversity for adaptation is maximized by utilizing both types in breeding.Progress for grain yield is compared with more spectacular gains in test weight and reasons for the different rates of improvement are postulated.Abbreviations CIMMYT
International Maize & Wheat Improvement Centre
- ITYN
International Triticale Yield Nursery
contribution from CIMMYT/Agriculture Canada (No. R-002) 相似文献
54.
Summary Sixteen types of mandarins were screened for their leaf flavonoid patterns with the help of cellulose thin-layer chromatography. In general, Tanaka's classification of mandarins into 36 species is untenable, as was already concluded by Swingle (1948), Hodgson (1965) and Singh (1967). It is likely that a fine loose skinned mandarin was first evolved. Later, it hybridized with wild mandarin to give rise to numerous types and forms.Contribution No. 474 of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-6, India. 相似文献
55.
在实验基础上,从群体生育型演变进化角度分析了冀鲁豫夏玉米区六十年代初至九十年代初三十年间玉米杂交种种性提高的自然现象,明确了玉米杂交种群体生育型以产量行为与抗斑一倒行为的持续改良为基本途径演进。极端杂交种株粒重提高了48.4%,叶斑指数与倒折率分别下降了4.3与1.2个百分点。演进过程界定为四个演化阶段:Ⅰ.六十年代,以新单1、白单4为代表;Ⅱ.七十年代前期,以群单105、丹玉6为代表;Ⅲ.七十年代后期至八十年代初,以郑单2、博单1为代表;Ⅳ.八十年代前期至九十年代初,以烟单14和掖单2为代表。玉米杂交种群体生育型演变进化遵循“多元动态代谢结群,系统吐纳循序渐进”的生物进化规律。 相似文献
56.
57.
A collection of 299 secondary hexaploid triticale cultivars and advanced breeding lines from 18 countries, which were considered a representative sample of the existing diversity, was evaluated for morphological and agronomical characters with autumn planting at Lleida, Spain, from 1988 to 1991. The entries were classified as having winter (84) or spring (215) growth habit and among this latter group were complete (73) or substituted (147) types according to CIMMYT's terminology. Winter and spring triticales were grouped by cluster and principal component analyses. Winter triticales were taller with longer growth cycles, longer spikes, and more spikelets per spike than spring types. At early stages they also had prostrate growth. Spring-substituted types were separated from complete material. As a group, spring-substituted triticales differed more from winter types than the spring complete genotypes, which showed intermediate characteristics. Complete types of spring habit had tendency to be taller, with longer spikes, more spikelets per spike and bigger and heavier grains than substituted triticales. Greater variation in morphological and agronomical parameters was detected among winter triticales followed by the complete-spring group. 相似文献
58.
Moderate grazing by cattle increases the heterogeneity of soil and vegetation. This has been suggested as an ecologically sustainable mean of managing natural environments endangered by tree encroachment, such as heathlands. Our study was performed to test the impact of grazing intensity on soil macroinvertebrate communities in heterogeneous landscapes in a private property eligible to the Natura 2000 European Network of Special Protection Areas within the Brenne Natural Regional Park (Indre, France). We sampled macroinvertebrates along a broken line crossing 5 different land-use types, from pasture to pine forest, passing through a besom heath (Erica scoparia) heathland at 3 levels of cattle pressure. We hypothesized that: i) litter-dwelling (mostly arthropods and mollusks) and soil-dwelling macroinvertebrates (mostly earthworms) would respond in an opposite manner to various grazing intensities, and ii) intermediate cattle pressure (pastured heath) would increase soil and community heterogeneity. The results supported the first hypothesis, which was explained by land-use impacts mediated by soil properties. However, our results supported only partly the second hypothesis since maximum dissimilarity (whether in the composition of soil macroinvertebrate communities or in soil features) was observed in only one out of the two pastured heaths where cattle pressure was intermediate. 相似文献
59.
洞庭湖区不同土地利用方式耕作土壤氮素含量与循环 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对洞庭湖典型地区的密集采样分析和农户调查,研究了4种利用方式耕作土壤全N、微生物生物量氮(MB-N)含量、两者关系和N素循环特征。结果表明:耕作土壤全N、MB-N含量平均值为3.00±0.48g/kg和101.4±49.2mg/kg。双季稻、一季稻、水田旱作和旱地全N平均含量依次为3.12±0.40g/kg、3.03±0.39g/kg、2.79±0.43g/kg2、.10±0.46g/kg。4种利用方式的MB-N含量分别为124.0±56.6mg/kg、96.4±39.2mg/kg、108.0±48.6mg/kg、75.2±30.5mg/kg。除水田旱作外,MB-N与全N之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。土壤N素盈余量依次为双季稻(105.0kg/hm2.a)>一季稻(75.1kg/hm2.a)>水田旱作油菜(64.5kg/hm2.a)>旱地苎麻(51.9kg/hm2.a)。 相似文献
60.
3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇(TCP)的化学结构稳定、水溶性高、运移能力强,对水体具有潜在的污染风险。在有机质含量低、大孔隙度高、导水性好的紫色土地区,风险更加显著。为研究TCP在紫色中的迁移规律,该研究依据紫色土的典型耕作类型,在中国科学院盐亭国家紫色土农业生态试验站采集3组土样(小麦-玉米轮作的坡地、水稻-油菜轮作的水旱农田和萝卜-白菜套种的菜地),通过批量平衡法研究紫色土对TCP的吸附特征,并采用稳定流场饱和均质土柱的易混合置换试验研究TCP的动态迁移过程,最后对其迁移动态进行模拟。结果表明:紫色土对TCP的吸附特征呈线性,在坡地、水旱农田和菜地中的吸附系数分别为1.94、1.22和1.02 L/kg,且黏土含量和矿物组成是主要影响因子;TCP的出流平衡浓度分别为初始浓度的77%(坡地)、84%(水旱农田)和92%(菜地),相应的平衡时刻分别为2.88PV、4PV和6.5PV,表明TCP对环境的污染风险较高;用非平衡两点对流弥散模型模拟TCP在3种耕作条件下迁移,表明TCP以瞬时吸附为主,其水动力弥散系数和分形系数在坡地、水旱农田和菜地中依次减小,但一阶动力学常数依次增大。研究结果为探索TCP在紫色土壤中的迁移机制和预测防止TCP对环境的污染提供了参考依据。 相似文献