Cultural Issues in Processing Plants and on Farms

Poultry processing plants are increasingly reliant on immigrant laborers as a supply of willing, unskilled workers. Likewise, poultry farmers also recruit and employ immigrants for menial tasks and upkeep on farms. The primary reasons for immigrant labor in the poultry industry include readily available employment, willing employers who actively seek immigrants, and the competitive advantages of an immigrant workforce. Although these immigrants have had an impact on poultry producing regions, little discussion has developed over the social and political implications of these immigrants. Nonetheless, several authors have recently forwarded arguments about these impacts: some argue that the new immigrants will fail to assimilate and enculturate, thus causing a fraying of local and national social structures, whereas others argue that American culture will become accomodationist as immigrants assimilate, thus forging a new American demographic that is still nonetheless American. This paper argues that assimilation and enculturation will be episodic and by no means certain but dependent on social-demographic factors for success. Likewise, practical impacts of immigration in plants and on farms are discussed.     

Assessing Well-Being in Forest Dependent Communities

Summary

This paper presents a new approach to the conceptualization and assessment of well-being in forest-dependent communities. Studies of well-being in agrarian communities, boomtowns (communities undergoing rapid growth), and forest-dependent communities are examined to highlight common themes in natural resource-dependent community studies. Social indicators are discussed and a summary of weaknesses presented. The county, a commonly used unit of analysis, is rejected in favor of a more socially relevant unit. This new approach to well-being in forest communities begins with definitions of the terms community and forest dependence. The work of Amartya Sen, whose conceptualization of well-being focuses on the real opportunities people have and their achievements in light of their opportunities, forms the foundation of the new approach proposed here. Sen's conceptualization is broadened by focusing on the community and acknowledging the importance of a sense of place. Methodologically, this new approach adds to the evaluation of social indicators an assessment of community capacity that consists of three components: physical, human, and social capital. It also involves evaluating how residents draw on and develop these aspects of their community to meet local needs and create opportunities. This results in a well-being assessment that includes static as well as dynamic measures of how communities respond to and create opportunities to improve local well-being.     

On Measurement of Social Security Expenditure＇ s Moderate Level

对不同的国家和地区的社会保障水平适度性的衡量应从其实际经济发展水平和劳动要素分配比率出发,将社会保障水平的总量指标和结构指标结合使用,会更加合理的透视某经济体在社会保障支出和使用方面的问题。     

论小区的绿化问题

经济的迅速发展带动了对自然资源的过度开发,同时生活节奏的加快使得人们需要有一个环境来调节身心。在此,笔者浅淡一下小区的绿化问题。     

城市居民社区工作服务需求及其模式探索——以广州为例

随着经济社会的快速发展，以民生为重点的政府购买社会工作服务也已经引起地方政府的高度关注。由于社区居民需要的服务均有不同的特点，因此，社区社会工作服务必须具有适时性、针对性、有序性和有效性，从而不断满足社区居民各方面的需求。试图以广州为例，探索一条与经济社会发展相适应的新型城市社区工作模式，即立足街道综合服务中心，依托社区服务组织，辐射居民家庭，具有地方特色的社区服务模式。     

论技术创新的社会影响

技术创新带来了现代社会的巨大变化——生产力由实体形态占主体向知识形态占主体转变，生产关系由实体性生产资料所有制占主体向以知识性生产资料所有制为主导的所有制转变，社会政治生活关系由封闭性、等级化转向科学化、民主化与法制化，社会生活由传统走向现代。     

农村教育欠公平的表现 原因及对策

教育公平是社会公平的基础。城乡二元结构和经济发展的不平衡性是农村教育欠公平的主要原因。国家应加大对农村教育资源的投资与优化配置力度,实行投资和政策倾斜。     

CSR与公司财务绩效相关性研究与展望

对国外CSR与公司财务绩效的相关研究进行了梳理、评述，对研究现状进行了总结，提出了未来的研究展望，从而为我国的CSR研究理清脉络，丰富现有的研究文献，为促进我国公司治理水平的提高提供新的研究角度和有效的建议。     

农业水利工程专业社会实践教学体系研究

结合四川农业大学农业水利工程专业多年实践教学中积累的研究经验,深刻分析大学生学习心理、社会需求以及专业教育中存在的问题,针对社会实践教育的主要问题,构建新形势下我国农业水利工程专业实践教育体系的新模式,成效显著。     

南非克鲁格斯多普禁猎区珠鸡的社群组织

1982年3月至1984年2月,在南非豪登省的克鲁格斯多普禁猎区(Krugersdorp Game Reserve),通过翼标观察对珠鸡(Numida meleagris)的社群组织进行了研究.珠鸡必须以社群的方式才能在野外存活,而集群(7-10只珠鸡)并非随机组成.地位最高的雄鸟(雄鸟A)是群体日常活动的核心,例如决定觅食方向等.地位较高的雄鸟(雄鸟A和B)密切协作以驱赶闯入者.在繁殖期,繁殖雌鸟与高地位雄鸟的结合更为紧密.尽管雄鸟中存在明显的等级差异,但群内争斗频率很低,这些争斗只是在维系群体稳定时才发生.雌性成鸟始终位于优势雄鸟和亚成体之间,以免受天敌伤害.但优势雄鸟与其配偶暂时离开群体进行繁殖时,次优势雄鸟(雄鸟B)成为集群中心,其余个体聚集在其周围以保持集群的稳定.大多数成鸟都协助抚育优势雄鸟的雏鸟.珠鸡的集群具有监视天敌的作用,以保障其在地表植被有限的环境中觅食并在冬季最大限度地获得食物.