Effect of Microorganisms on Some Engineering Properties of Silt

The microbiology was introduced in foundation treatment. Several Carbonate mineralization microorganisms and polysaccharides viscose microorganisms were screened and the microorganisms No.ATCC 6453,3,polysaccharides viscose microorganisms 5 and 6 were used in silt modification. The engineering properties of silt before and after modification were compared by unconfined compressive strength test and indoor seepage test. The microstructures of silt incorporating different microorganisms were analysed by mean of scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X ray (EDX) analysis. And the modification mechanism of silt has been revealed. These studies indicate that certain engineering properties of silt can be improved by incorporating microorganisms.     

纤维素分解菌协同作用研究

[目的]研究纤维素分解菌木霉、青霉、黑曲霉3种菌株之间的协同作用。[方法]将木霉、青霉、黑曲霉进行纯种发酵,添加纯种发酵粗酶液后测定CMC酶相对酶活力,采用混菌发酵观察滤纸分解度,测定CMC酶活力。[结果]混菌发酵的纤维素酶活明显高于纯种发酵的酶活力。[结论]青霉、木霉、黑曲霉3种菌株之间存在两两协同关系。     

植物土传病害安全防控技术

概述了几种安全、有效、值得推广应用的植物土传病害的防控技术,包括有益微生物及其代谢产物的利用、蚯蚓粪的利用、太阳能土壤消毒、嫁接技术的应用、微生态调控、生物肥料的使用等,这些方法有望在一定程度上代替化学药剂的使用。     

人工纳米材料对植物—微生物影响的研究进展

随着纳米科技的快速发展和纳米产品的广泛使用,人工纳米材料(ENMs)的环境生态效应研究逐渐成为国内外关注的热点。本文整合了ENMs的毒性机制,综述了ENMs对植物和微生物影响方面的研究进展。此外,鉴于植物与微生物之间存在的密切联系,进一步概述了植物和微生物对ENMs生态效应的反馈作用,揭示了植物和微生物的相互作用可影响ENMs对植物-微生物体系的生态效应。因此,将植物-微生物以及土壤作为一个整体是全面评价ENMs生态效应的关键,也是未来研究的发展方向。最后分析了目前研究中方法和技术等方面中存在的不足,提出了以后研究中应关注的重点。     

Antitumor and Antimicrobial Potential of Bromoditerpenes Isolated from the Red Alga,Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Cancer and infectious diseases continue to be a major public health problem, and new drugs are necessary. As marine organisms are well known to provide a wide range of original compounds, the aim of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of the main constituents of the cosmopolitan red alga, Sphaerococcus coronopifolius. The structure of several bromoditerpenes was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Five molecules were isolated and characterized which include a new brominated diterpene belonging to the rare dactylomelane family and named sphaerodactylomelol (1), along with four already known sphaerane bromoditerpenes (2–5). Antitumor activity was assessed by cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative assays on an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2 cells). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Compound 4 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 6.35 µM) and compound 5 the highest anti-proliferative activity on HepG-2 cells (IC₅₀ 42.9 µM). The new diterpene, sphaerodactylomelol (1), induced inhibition of cell proliferation (IC₅₀ 280 µM) and cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ 720 µM) on HepG-2 cells and showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 96.3 µM).     

Effect of effective microorganism and gypsum amendments on nutrient leaching,pH, electrical conductivity,and Okra growth parameters under coastal saline soil

Nutrients losses through leaching are the main problem facing coastal saline soil. Effective microorganisms (EM) and Gypsum (G) at the application rate of 5%G and 10%G by weight were used as soil amendments. The pot experiment aimed to improve the leaching of nitrate (NO₃), ammonium (NH₄) and total nitrogen (TN) on the coastal saline soil. The EM+ 5%G treatment effectively reduced the content of NO₃ and NH₄ in the leachate by 86.59% and 68.18%, respectively. EM treatment reduced the leaching of NO₃ and NH₄ by 70.86% and 62.12% and EM+ 10%G reduced NO₃ and NH₄ by 11.80% and 50.76%, respectively. Moreover, the content of TN in leachate was reduced up to 13.23%, 5.80%, and 2.67% in response to EM, EM+ 5%G, and EM+ 10%G, respectively, compared to the control. These results indicate that EM combined with G as soil amendments can reduce leaching of nutrients and further support the regulation of a coastal saline soil pH and EC.     

微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长和土壤微生物特性的影响

以微生物肥料不同施用方式[A(不施肥,CK);B(施微生物肥料);C(70%化肥+微生物肥料);D(100%化肥)]进行田间试验,研究其对青梗花椰菜(Brassica oleracea)生物指标和土壤微生物学指标的影响,为寻找合理的施肥方案提供理论依据。结果表明,与CK相比,处理B、C、D可不同程度地提高青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数等生物指标和土壤微生物学指标。不同处理下土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量均随土层的加深而降低。不同施肥处理下微生物数量表现为细菌放线菌真菌。其中,处理C效果最佳,与处理D相比,青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重、细菌数量、放线菌数量、微生物总数、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮和土壤微生物生物量磷分别增加了6.82%、11.53%、11.76%、9.68%、33.33%、62.5%、33.33%、34.04%~37.61%、8.42%~15.87%、32.53%~33.86%、13.56%~18.6%、3.99%、12.81%~17.99%,真菌数量减少了26.23%~32.89%。不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量与微生物数量存在一定程度的正相关关系。因此,70%化肥+微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长具有良好的促进效果。     

氢气对植物生理功能的影响及作用机制研究进展

氢气(H_2)作为一种新型抗氧化剂广泛用于临床治疗中且疗效良好。植物体内可产生H_2,且在生长发育和胁迫应答等过程中发挥重要作用。综述了内源性H2在植物中的产生以及外源H_2处理对植物的生长发育、抗逆性、根际微生物和采后保鲜等的影响及其作用机制,并进一步探讨了H_2与其他植物激素和内源性小分子气体的交叉作用,为H_2在植物生理作用中的深入研究和应用奠定理论基础。     

有效微生物群对仔猪生产性能的影响初探

对产后母猪和断奶仔猪饲喂有效微生物菌群(EM),研究其对仔猪生产性能的影响。从产前7d开始给母猪基础饲料中添加5mL/kg的EM菌液,选产仔数不少于8头的3头母猪及其仔猪连续饲喂EM菌28d,仔猪进行断奶,统计母猪的增重、仔猪初生重、断奶重,仔猪成活率等,分析添加EM菌后对母猪生产性能的影响。在这24头断奶仔猪饲料中添加EM菌的饲料,饲喂至60日龄,统计仔猪的增重、采食量、料重比、发病数等,分析EM菌断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。另外选取3头同品种、同批次生产、产仔数相同的母猪及其仔猪饲料中不添加EM菌作为对照。结果表明,母猪产后日均采食量较对照组提高12.07%,仔猪的初生重较对照组提高15.90%,产活仔数提高了12.09%,断奶重增加9.09%,断奶头数增多20.99%,断奶成活率提高8.81%。断奶后仔猪试验组的平均采食量较对照组提高10.26%,料重比降低了7.14%,发病率下降了50.03%。说明EM菌对母猪和仔猪的生产性能均有提高作用,研究结果为EM菌在生猪养殖中的应用提供了基础资料。     

玉树高寒草甸不同利用方式下土壤微生物的特征

连续2年对青海玉树高寒草甸的3种不同利用草地(天然草地、灭鼠草地、灭鼠+围封草地)的微生物类群及微生物量碳、氮、磷空间含量及变化特征进行了研究,分析不同利用方式下土壤微生物特征及其变化规律.以探讨不同利用措施对玉树退化草地土壤微生物的影响.结果表明:同一利用方式下,不同土壤层(0~5, 5~10和10~15 cm)土壤各微生物类群主要分布在土壤表层,且数量均随着土壤深度增加而减少.不同利用方式下,同一土壤层内,灭鼠和灭鼠+围封草地对土壤细菌、真菌与放线菌和微生物各氮素类群数量有一定的促进作用;微生物量碳、氮和磷含量均表现为灭鼠和灭鼠+围封草地显著高于天然草地;各草地类型中微生物数量是细菌>放线菌>真菌.表明天然草地经灭鼠和围封处理利用时均有利于草地土壤中微生物的活动,有利于草地的自然更新和保护物种多样性.